ArticleJournal of geriatric cardiology : JGC2023
Lifestyle improvement and the reduced risk of cardiovascular disease: the China-PAR project.
Article in Journal of geriatric cardiology : JGC, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Impact of a comprehensive healthy lifestyle score on a broad spectrum of cardiometabolic and related diseases and its incremental value for risk prediction based on the UK biobank database.Journal of cardiothoracic surgery · 2026Article
- Trajectories of healthy lifestyles score and cardiovascular disease: a cohort study.Family medicine and community health · 2026Article
- Correlation between overall lifestyle score and advanced stages among patients with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome: NHANES 2011-2020.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Lifestyle Change After Initial Colonoscopy Screening and Incidence of Colorectal Cancer and Major Chronic Diseases.The American journal of gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Association of Emotion, Sleep Quality With Hypertension and Complications in the Elderly Population.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Association between uric acid to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and chronic kidney disease among Chinese middle-aged and older adults with abnormal glucose metabolism: a nationwide cohort study.International urology and nephrology · 2025Article
- Combined effect of healthy lifestyles and obesity on cardiometabolic risks in Chinese rural adults.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Integrative machine learning and Mendelian randomization identify causal laboratory biomarkers for coronary artery lesions in Kawasaki disease: a prospective study.Frontiers in genetics · 2025Article
- Proliferative potential and angiogenic characteristics of blood outgrowth endothelial cells derived from middle-aged and older adults.Journal of geriatric cardiology : JGC · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
19 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundThe benefits of healthy lifestyles are well recognized. However, the extent to which improving unhealthy lifestyles reduces cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk needs to be discussed. We evaluated the impact of lifestyle improvement on CVD incidence using data from the China-PAR project (Prediction for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in China).
methodsA total of 12,588 participants free of CVD were followed up for three visits after the baseline examination. Changes in four lifestyle factors (LFs) (smoking, diet, physical activity, and alcohol consumption) were assessed through questionnaires from the baseline to the first follow-up visit. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The risk advancement periods (RAPs: the age difference between exposed and unexposed participants reaching the same incident CVD risk) and population-attributable risk percentage (PAR%) were also calculated.
resultsA total of 909 incident CVD cases occurred over a median follow-up of 11.14 years. Compared with maintaining 0-1 healthy LFs, maintaining 3-4 healthy LFs was associated with a 40% risk reduction of incident CVD (HR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.45-0.79) and delayed CVD risk by 6.31 years (RAP: -6.31 [-9.92, -2.70] years). The PAR% of maintaining 3-4 unhealthy LFs was 22.0% compared to maintaining 0-1 unhealthy LFs. Besides, compared with maintaining two healthy LFs, improving healthy LFs from 2 to 3-4 was associated with a 23% lower risk of CVD (HR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.60-0.98).
conclusionsLong-term sustenance of healthy lifestyles or improving unhealthy lifestyles can reduce and delay CVD risk.
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