Trial reportBMC complementary medicine and therapies2023
Effectiveness of Salvadora persica toothbrush and Salvadora persica chewing stick in plaque and gingivitis control: a randomized control trial.
Trial report in BMC complementary medicine and therapies, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04650685 (Anti-Plaque and Anti-Gingivitis Effectiveness of the Newly Invented Salvadora Persica Toothbrush Compared to Salvadora Persica Chewing Stick), which is not on this map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Anti-Plaque and Anti-Gingivitis Effectiveness of the Newly Invented Salvadora Persica Toothbrush Compared to Salvadora Persica Chewing Stick: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Biodegradable vs. conventional toothbrushes for biofilm control: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials.Frontiers in oral health · 2026Pooled it
- Plaque Removal and Gingival Bleeding Using Biodegradable Toothbrushes: Salvadora persica, Bamboo, and Nylon: A Comparative Study.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2024Trial
- Research Trends and Thematic Evolution ofInternational journal of dentistry · 2026Review
- Knowledge, Awareness, and Practice Towards the Use ofHealthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Ethnobotanical study on medicinal plants used in the Aseer province, Southwestern Saudi Arabia.Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Comparative Effectiveness of Miswak and Toothbrushing on Dental Plaque and Gingivitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Exploring the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants and their active principles in dental care: A comprehensive review.Heliyon · 2024Review
- Can traditional oral hygiene methods compete with conventional toothbrushes in effectiveness?Evidence-based dentistry · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe values of plant-based products have taken on an expanding relevance in dentistry. Salvadora persica chewing stick (miswak) has been practiced for centuries and is recommended by the World Health Organization as a customary oral hygiene tool. The therapeutic effects of S. persica chewing stick are contributed by its mechanical cleansing action, active chemicals released, or the combination of these two actions. However, the S. persica chewing stick in its natural form can be difficult to maneuver in certain parts of the mouth. This concern has inspired the innovation of the S. persica toothbrush that is designed to merge the ease of use of a toothbrush with the beneficial natural properties of S. persica preserved in its bristle. The present study aimed to compare the clinical effectiveness between S. persica toothbrush, S. persica chewing stick and the standard toothbrush in plaque and gingivitis control.
methodsIn this single-blinded and parallel randomized controlled trial, 78 participants were randomly divided into three groups to either use (i) S. persica toothbrush (MTB); (ii) S. persica chewing stick (MCS); or (iii) standard toothbrush (STB) in a standardized manner for three weeks. Plaque Index (PI) and Periodontal Inflamed Surface Area (PISA) values, measuring plaque levels and severity of gingivitis, respectively, were evaluated at baseline, one- and three-week post-interventions.
resultsThe MCS group showed a significant improvement in the mean PISA values of the anterior teeth compared to the MTB and STB groups (MCS: from 16.35 ± 10.03 to 3.41 ± 1.14; MTB: from 25.20 ± 14.01 to 3.57 ± 1.19; STB: from 26.54 ± 8.64 to 6.17 ± 0.86; p < .050). All three groups reported significant improvements (p < .001) in the plaque levels and the severity of gingivitis from baseline to three weeks after the intervention.
conclusionsFollowing correct techniques, S. persica toothbrush and chewing sticks are as effective as the standard toothbrush in plaque control and gingival health, which represent the reputed anti-plaque and anti-gingivitis properties of S. persica.
trial registrationThis clinical trial was prospectively registered in ClinicalTrials.gov with registration NCT04650685 (25/11/2020).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.