ReviewNature reviews. Immunology2024
Olfactory immunology: the missing piece in airway and CNS defence.
Review in Nature reviews. Immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed.
- A phase 2A/B randomized trial of metabolic modulators intranasal insulin and empagliflozin for MCI and early AD.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Trial
- Review
- TRPV1-STAT3 signaling as a driver of lethal pathology during pneumococcal nose-to-brain invasion.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Olfactory Tuft Cells Are Critical to Basal Inflammation, Innate Immune Response to Viral Infection, and Modulation of Quiescent Stem Cell Activation, Proliferation and Differentiation.Cell proliferation · 2026Article
- Central nervous system lymphatic network: from the maintenance of brain homeostasis to emerging therapeutic perspectives in neurodegenerative diseases.Translational neurodegeneration · 2026Review
- Atmospheric Aerosol Neurotoxicity and Parkinson's Disease: Mechanisms and Perspectives.Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology · 2026Review
- Muc16 contributes to protection against invasive pneumococcal infection originating from nasal colonization.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Effects of acute intranasal allergen exposure on resident immune cells and sensory neurons in the mouse olfactory epithelium.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Distinct Functional Signatures of Human Olfactory and Respiratory Mucus Revealed by Proteomics Combined With Machine Learning.Proteomics. Clinical applications · 2026Article
- The Cribriform Plate: A Multifaceted Neuroimmune Hub in CNS Health and Disease.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- RBAD: The first database dedicated alterations of blood RNA in individuals with Alzheimer's disease and their clinical relevance.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 virus infection ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Review
- Beyond Perineural Drainage: Revisiting the Olfactory Nerve as an Active Immunological Interface During Neuroinflammation.Immune network · 2026Article
- Olfactory immunity: defending the neural-mucosal barrier.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Review
- [Research progress on the improvement of olfactory function by different surgical procedures for chronic rhinosinusitis].Lin chuang er bi yan hou tou jing wai ke za zhi = Journal of clinical otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery · 2026Review
- The cribriform plate: A dynamic central nervous system-immune hub.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2026Review
- The Diabetic Nose: A Narrative Review of Rhinologic Involvement in Diabetes (1973-2025).Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Olfactory Decline in Elderly at High Altitudes: A Narrative Review.International journal of general medicine · 2026Review
- Mechanical constraints on cell plasticity: insights from the olfactory epithelium.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The olfactory mucosa is a component of the nasal airway that mediates the sense of smell. Recent studies point to an important role for the olfactory mucosa as a barrier to both respiratory pathogens and to neuroinvasive pathogens that hijack the olfactory nerve and invade the CNS. In particular, the COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated that the olfactory mucosa is an integral part of a heterogeneous nasal mucosal barrier critical to upper airway immunity. However, our insufficient knowledge of olfactory mucosal immunity hinders attempts to protect this tissue from infection and other diseases. This Review summarizes the state of olfactory immunology by highlighting the unique immunologically relevant anatomy of the olfactory mucosa, describing what is known of olfactory immune cells, and considering the impact of common infectious diseases and inflammatory disorders at this site. We will offer our perspective on the future of the field and the many unresolved questions pertaining to olfactory immunity.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.