ArticleOpen heart2023
Adult congenital heart disease training in Europe: current status, disparities and potential solutions.
Article in Open heart, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Pediatric Cardiology Training and Certification in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Cross-Sectional Regional Survey of Current Practice.Pediatric cardiology · 2026Article
- Novel compound heterozygous variants in theFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Adult Congenital Heart Disease as a Career? Examining Encouraging and Deterring Factors in the Global ACHD Survey.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Bridging the gap: building structured pathways in paediatric and congenital cardiology education: with a focus on cardiovascular imaging: on behalf of the AEPC Education Committee and Junior Members.European heart journal. Imaging methods and practice · 2025Article
- How does regular exercise improve cardiovascular function: Congenital heart disease and beyond.International journal of cardiology. Congenital heart disease · 2025Review
- Prenatal detection of novel compound heterozygous variants of theFrontiers in genetics · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
38 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThis study aimed to determine the status of training of adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) cardiologists in Europe.
methodsA questionnaire was sent to ACHD cardiologists from 34 European countries.
resultsRepresentatives from 31 of 34 countries (91%) responded. ACHD cardiology was recognised by the respective ministry of Health in two countries (7%) as a subspecialty. Two countries (7%) have formally recognised ACHD training programmes, 15 (48%) have informal (neither accredited nor certified) training and 14 (45%) have very limited or no programme. Twenty-five countries (81%) described training ACHD doctors 'on the job'. The median number of ACHD centres per country was 4 (range 0-28), median number of ACHD surgical centres was 3 (0-26) and the median number of ACHD training centres was 2 (range 0-28). An established exit examination in ACHD was conducted in only one country (3%) and formal certification provided by two countries (7%). ACHD cardiologist number versus gross domestic product Pearson correlation coefficient=0.789 (p<0.001).
conclusionFormal or accredited training in ACHD is rare among European countries. Many countries have very limited or no training and resort to 'train people on the job'. Few countries provide either an exit examination or certification. Efforts to harmonise training and establish standards in exit examination and certification may improve training and consequently promote the alignment of high-quality patient care.
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