ArticleTissue barriers2024
Brain uptake pharmacokinetics of albiglutide, dulaglutide, tirzepatide, and DA5-CH in the search for new treatments of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.
Article in Tissue barriers, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 53 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical efficacy of GLP-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Journal of neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Oral Semaglutide for Alcohol Use Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial.The American journal of psychiatry · 2026Trial
- Adjunctive Dulaglutide in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized Open-Label Proof-of-Concept Trial.Neurology and therapy · 2026Article
- The Pleiotropic Therapeutic Perspectives of GLP-1 and GIP Receptor Agonists in Spinal Cord Injury: A Narrative Review.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Preventative semaglutide and tirzepatide treatment does not alter disease progression in the 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Psychiatric Safety Signals of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: A FAERS-Based Pharmacovigilance Study with Explainable Machine Learning.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Effects of tirzepatide, a dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist, on blood pressure, cardiac function, and sympathetic nervous system in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026Article
- Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists Inhibit the Initiation of Toxic Amyloid-β42 Aggregation.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2026Article
- Insulin and Incretin Receptor Agonists Reciprocally Alter Their Blood-Brain Barrier Permeabilities.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Tirzepatide attenuates neurotoxicity by suppressing inflammation, apoptosis and restoring neurotrophin expression in an Alzheimer's disease-like rat model.Metabolic brain disease · 2026Article
- Reprogramming insulin receptor activation with a de novo agonist to overcome severe insulin resistance.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Targeting Multiple Gut-Brain Pathways in Obesity: Rationale for Combination Pharmacotherapy.Obesity science & practice · 2026Review
- GLP-1 at the Metabolic-Cognitive Interface: Reward, Affect, and Memory.Comprehensive Physiology · 2026Review
- The promise of GLP-1 receptor agonists for neurodegenerative diseases.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- Expanding the understanding of insulin resistance in brain and periphery.Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM · 2026Review
- Revisiting food addiction in the era of GLP-1-based obesity pharmacotherapy via neural reward pathways linking feeding and substance use.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2026Review
- Contractile effects of albiglutide in the human and mouse atrium.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in movement disorders: From Parkinson's disease to the broader spectrum - Mechanisms, evidence, and future directions.Clinical parkinsonism & related disorders · 2026Review
- The novel GLP-1/GIP dual receptor agonist DA5-CH is superior to tirzepatide and exendin-4 in the 6-OHDA Parkinson rat model.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issuedCorrection.2026
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundA number of peptide incretin receptor agonists (IRAs) show promise as therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is one way for IRAs to act directly within the brain. To determine which IRAs are high priority candidates for treating these disorders, we have studied their brain uptake pharmacokinetics.
methodsWe quantitatively measure the ability of four IRAs to cross the BBB. We injected adult male CD-1 mice intravenously with
resultsAlbiglutide and dulaglutide had the fastest brain uptake rates within 1 hour. DA5-CH appears to enter the brain rapidly, reaching equilibrium quickly. Tirzepatide does not appear to cross the BBB within 1 h after iv injection but like albumin, did so slowly over 6 h, presumably via the extracellular pathways.
conclusionsWe find that IRAs can cross the BBB by two separate processes; one that is fast and one that is slow. Three of the four IRAs investigated here have fast rates of transport and should be taken into consideration for testing as AD and PD therapeutics as they would have the ability to act quickly and directly on the brain as a whole.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.