ArticlePlastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open2023
Can AI Think Like a Plastic Surgeon? Evaluating GPT-4's Clinical Judgment in Reconstructive Procedures of the Upper Extremity.
Article in Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Clinical experience in open robotic-assisted microsurgery: user consensus of the European Federation of Societies for Microsurgery.Journal of robotic surgery · 2025Article
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- Pilot Study on AI Image Analysis for Lower-Limb Reconstruction-Assessing ChatGPT-4's Recommendations in Comparison to Board-Certified Plastic Surgeons and Resident Physicians.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Learning curve of robotic assisted microsurgery in surgeons with different skill levels: a prospective preclinical study.Journal of robotic surgery · 2024Article
- Learning curve of robotic assisted microsurgery in surgeons with different skill levels: a prospective preclinical study.Journal of robotic surgery · 2024Article
- Prompt Engineering Paradigms for Medical Applications: Scoping Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2024Article
- Large Language Models for Intraoperative Decision Support in Plastic Surgery: A Comparison between ChatGPT-4 and Gemini.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Integrating AI in Lipedema Management: Assessing the Efficacy of GPT-4 as a Consultation Assistant.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- AI in Hand Surgery: Assessing Large Language Models in the Classification and Management of Hand Injuries.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Applications of Large Language Models in Pathology.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Evaluating ChatGPT-4o as a decision support tool in multidisciplinary sarcoma tumor boards: heterogeneous performance across various specialties.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study delves into the potential application of OpenAI's Generative Pretrained Transformer 4 (GPT-4) in plastic surgery, with a particular focus on procedures involving the hand and arm. GPT-4, a cutting-edge artificial intelligence (AI) model known for its advanced chat interface, was tested on nine surgical scenarios of varying complexity. To optimize the performance of GPT-4, prompt engineering techniques were used to guide the model's responses and improve the relevance and accuracy of its output. A panel of expert plastic surgeons evaluated the responses using a Likert scale to assess the model's performance, based on five distinct criteria. Each criterion was scored on a scale of 1 to 5, with 5 representing the highest possible score. GPT-4 demonstrated a high level of performance, achieving an average score of 4.34 across all cases, consistent across different complexities. The study highlights the ability of GPT-4 to understand and respond to complicated surgical scenarios. However, the study also identifies potential areas for improvement. These include refining the prompts used to elicit responses from the model and providing targeted training with specialized, up-to-date sources. This study demonstrates a new approach to exploring large language models and highlights potential future applications of AI. These could improve patient care, refine surgical outcomes, and even change the way we approach complex clinical scenarios in plastic surgery. However, the intrinsic limitations of AI in its current state, together with the potential ethical considerations and the inherent uncertainty of unanticipated issues, serve to reiterate the indispensable role and unparalleled value of human plastic surgeons.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.