ArticleBMC cardiovascular disorders2023
Comorbidities in congenital heart disease: different patterns in childhood and adulthood.
Article in BMC cardiovascular disorders, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Polypharmacy and Drug Interaction Risk in Children and Adolescents with Congenital Heart Defects: Insights from a Nationwide Survey.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Understanding the barriers and facilitators that impact physical activity levels in children and adolescents with Congenital Heart Disease (CHD): a rapid review.BMC public health · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundExisting studies were no exploration of the association between congenital heart disease (CHD) in children and comorbidities. This study was to assess the prevalence and number of comorbidities in CHD among children and adults, and to compare the comorbidity patterns by children and adults using association rule analysis.
methodsPatients identified by the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) code in the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III (MIMIC-III) 2001-2012 and MIMIC-IV 2008-2018 were included in this cross-sectional study. Association rule analysis was used to explore associations between CHD and comorbidities in children and adults using values of support (%), confidence (%), and lift.
resultsAmong 60,400 eligible patients, 1.54% of adults had CHD and 0.83% of adults had CHD with at least one comorbidity, 13.79% had CHD and 12.37% had CHD with at least one comorbidity in children. The most common comorbidities were circulatory system diseases (53.78%), endocrine diseases (35.76%), and respiratory system diseases (23.46%) in adults with CHD, and the most common comorbidities were perinatal diseases (87.50%) in children with CHD. The comorbidity rate was 90.19% and 56.68% in children and adults, respectively. In children, perinatal diseases, circulatory system diseases, and endocrine diseases had the highest prevalence. The incidence of circulatory system diseases, perinatal diseases and endocrine diseases in CHD adults was confidence = 31.56%, 36.11%, and 23.23%, respectively. Perinatal diseases were common comorbidities among all CHD severity groups in children and adults.
conclusionThe prevalence of comorbidities in children with CHD was higher than that in adults with CHD. The most common comorbidities were perinatal diseases and endocrine diseases among children and adults with CHD, respectively. Our study provided insights into comorbidity patterns in children and adults with CHD.
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