ReviewBrain : a journal of neurology2024
The immunobiology of herpes simplex virus encephalitis and post-viral autoimmunity.
Review in Brain : a journal of neurology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical phenotype and outcomes in autoimmune encephalitis after herpes simplex virus encephalitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.The Journal of infection · 2025Pooled it
- Associations of viral infections and antiviral vaccinations with anti-NMDAR and other forms of autoimmune encephalitis.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Review
- The cascade to pathogenicity in autoantibody-mediated CNS diseases.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2026Review
- Kappa Free Light Chain for Diagnosis and Neurofilament Light Chain for Prognosis in Autoimmune Encephalitis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Observational
- Regulatory T cell induction strategies and applications in the treatment of immune and non-immune diseases.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Article
- Altered amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in herpes simplex encephalitis: a resting-state fMRI study and associations with anxiety.Brain imaging and behavior · 2026Article
- Recurrent Ischemic Strokes Caused by HSV-2-Associated Cerebral Vasculitis in Antisynthetase Syndrome.The American journal of case reports · 2026Article
- Prevalence and clinical correlates of autoimmune and infection-related antibodies in unexplained seizures in western China.BMC immunology · 2026Article
- Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Encephalitis: A Prospective Population-Based Cohort Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Article
- Letter to the Editor: Dengue virus as an underrecognized cause of encephalitis in tropical Asia - Bridging diagnostic and surveillance gaps.World journal of virology · 2026Article
- Persistent Leukoencephalopathy Following H1N1 Infection Associated With a Novel MYRF Variant (p.Gly735Asp).Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Article
- Carbon Quantum Dots Assisted Virus Tracking: From Skin to Brain.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- The cell-mediated adaptive immune response to herpes simplex virus type 1 encephalitis: mechanisms and clinical implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Dropped head syndrome as the sole presenting manifestation of probable post-cytomegalovirus immune-mediated brainstem encephalitis in an immunocompetent woman: a case report.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Anti-NMDAR antibodies are not prevalent in Lyme neuroborreliosis: a retrospective cohort study.BMC neurology · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of Anti-CD20 B cells depleting therapy versus conventional treatment in severe Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis: A real-world multi-center prospective cohort study.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2025Article
- Unraveling the complexities of neurotropic virus infection and immune evasion.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2025Review
- Refractory "status dyskineticus" in a child with post-herpes simplex virus 1 N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis: a case report.BMC neurology · 2025Article
- Temporally resolved single-cell RNA sequencing reveals protective and pathological responses during herpes simplex virus CNS infection.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSE) is the leading cause of non-epidemic encephalitis in the developed world and, despite antiviral therapy, mortality and morbidity is high. The emergence of post-HSE autoimmune encephalitis reveals a new immunological paradigm in autoantibody-mediated disease. A reductionist evaluation of the immunobiological mechanisms in HSE is crucial to dissect the origins of post-viral autoimmunity and supply rational approaches to the selection of immunotherapeutics. Herein, we review the latest evidence behind the phenotypic progression and underlying immunobiology of HSE including the cytokine/chemokine environment, the role of pathogen-recognition receptors, T- and B-cell immunity and relevant inborn errors of immunity. Second, we provide a contemporary review of published patients with post-HSE autoimmune encephalitis from a combined cohort of 110 patients. Third, we integrate novel mechanisms of autoimmunization in deep cervical lymph nodes to explore hypotheses around post-HSE autoimmune encephalitis and challenge these against mechanisms of molecular mimicry and others. Finally, we explore translational concepts where neuroglial surface autoantibodies have been observed with other neuroinfectious diseases and those that generate brain damage including traumatic brain injury, ischaemic stroke and neurodegenerative disease. Overall, the clinical and immunological landscape of HSE is an important and evolving field, from which precision immunotherapeutics could soon emerge.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.