Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38092379›Full record

ArticleMaternal & child nutrition2023

Overpromoted and underregulated: National binding legal measures related to commercially produced complementary foods in seven Southeast Asian countries are not fully aligned with available guidance.

Jessica Blankenship, Tuan Nguyen, Jessica M White, Jane Badham, Paul Zambrano, Duong Vu, Ha-Anh Nguyen, Jennifer Cashin, Roland Kupka

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Maternal & child nutrition, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Jessica BlankenshipUNICEF East Asia Pacific Regional Office, Bangkok, Thailand.ORCID 0000-0003-0633-8531
Tuan NguyenAlive and Thrive East Asia Pacific, FHI 360/FHI Solutions, Hanoi, Vietnam.ORCID 0000-0002-0737-430X
Jessica M WhiteUNICEF East Asia Pacific Regional Office, Bangkok, Thailand.ORCID 0000-0002-2375-0328
Jane BadhamJB Consultancy, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Paul ZambranoAlive and Thrive East Asia Pacific, FHI 360/FHI Solutions, Hanoi, Vietnam.ORCID 0000-0002-9372-423X
Duong VuAlive and Thrive East Asia Pacific, FHI 360/FHI Solutions, Hanoi, Vietnam.ORCID 0000-0003-4564-5163
Ha-Anh NguyenViet Nam Food Administration, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Jennifer CashinAlive and Thrive East Asia Pacific, FHI 360/FHI Solutions, Hanoi, Vietnam.ORCID 0000-0001-8290-7906
Roland KupkaUNICEF East Asia Pacific Regional Office, Bangkok, Thailand.ORCID 0000-0002-7943-1705

Funding

Gates Foundation OPP1179059
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The market for commercially produced complementary foods (CPCF) is rapidly expanding in Southeast Asia; however, the existence and content of mandatory national policies, standards and legislation (binding legal measures) for CPCF in the region is unclear. To assess the status of national binding legal measures for CPCF in Southeast Asia, a legal and policy desk review was conducted in seven countries (Cambodia, Laos People's Democratic Republic, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand and Viet Nam). The alignment of the national binding legal measures relevant to CPCF was assessed against guidance on CPCF nutrient composition and labelling requirements provided by Codex Alimentarius and the World Health Organization (WHO). Each of the seven countries had at least two national binding legal measures related to the nutrient composition or labelling of CPCF; however, there was limited alignment with the guidance from Codex and WHO. No country was fully aligned with the three CPCF-specific Codex standards/guidelines and only one country was in full alignment with the recommendations related to the protection of breastfeeding from the 'WHO Guidance on ending the inappropriate promotion of foods for infants and young children'. The findings of the review indicate that the existing national binding legal measures are insufficient to ensure that the CPCF sold as suitable for older infants and young children are nutritionally adequate and labelled in a responsible manner that does not mislead caregivers. Improved and enforced national binding legal measures for CPCF, in alignment with global guidance, are required to ensure that countries protect, promote and support optimal nutrition for children 6-36 months of age.

Indexed as

Food IndustryInfant FoodAsia, SoutheasternChild, PreschoolHumansIndonesiaInfantThailandCodexcommercially produced complementary foodslegislationpoliciesstandards

Identifiers

PMID38092379
PMCPMC10719056

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.