ArticlePloS one2023
Bioactivity and efficacy of a hyperimmune bovine colostrum product- Travelan, against shigellosis in a non-Human primate model (Macaca mulatta).
Article in PloS one, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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3 citing papers in PubMed, 0 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lactobacillus yoelii Lac-2 mediates the mechanism of MAPK signaling pathway involved in the regulation of intestinal barrier and pathogen translocation by Zonulin expression.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Clinical Applications of Bovine Colostrum in GastrointestinaI Disorders: Mechanisms, Evidence, and Therapeutic Potential.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- A rhesus macaque intragastric challenge model for evaluating the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of live-attenuatedFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Infectious diarrhea is a World Health Organization public health priority area due to the lack of effective vaccines and an accelerating global antimicrobial resistance crisis. New strategies are urgently needed such as immunoprophylactic for prevention of diarrheal diseases. Hyperimmune bovine colostrum (HBC) is an established and effective prophylactic for infectious diarrhea. The commercial HBC product, Travelan® (Immuron Ltd, Australia) targets multiple strains of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is highly effective in preventing diarrhea in human clinical studies. Although Travelan® targets ETEC, preliminary studies suggested cross-reactivity with other Gram-negative enteric pathogens including Shigella and Salmonella species. For this study we selected an invasive diarrheal/dysentery-causing enteric pathogen, Shigella, to evaluate the effectiveness of Travelan®, both in vitro and in vivo. Here we demonstrate broad cross-reactivity of Travelan® with all four Shigella spp. (S. flexneri, S. sonnei, S. dysenteriae and S. boydii) and important virulence factor Shigella antigens. Naïve juvenile rhesus macaques (NJRM) were randomized, 8 dosed with Travelan® and 4 with a placebo intragastrically twice daily over 6 days. All NJRM were challenged with S. flexneri 2a strain 2457T on the 4th day of treatment and monitored for diarrheal symptoms. All placebo-treated NJRM displayed acute dysentery symptoms within 24-36 hours of challenge. Two Travelan®-treated NJRM displayed dysentery symptoms and six animals remained healthy and symptom-free post challenge; resulting in 75% efficacy of prevention of shigellosis (p = 0.014). These results strongly indicate that Travelan® is functionally cross-reactive and an effective prophylactic for shigellosis. This has positive implications for the prophylactic use of Travelan® for protection against both ETEC and Shigella spp. diarrheal infections. Future refinement and expansion of pathogens recognized by HBC including Travelan® could revolutionize current management of gastrointestinal infections and outbreaks in travelers' including military, peacekeepers, humanitarian workers and in populations living in endemic regions of the world.
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