SynthesisPloS one2023
Prevalence of dry eye during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of dry eye disease in African populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Pooled it
- Association between dry mouth and dry eyes: a systematic literature review of clinical evidence.Rheumatology international · 2025Pooled it
- Indoor Environmental Exposures and Dry Eye Disease: Mechanisms, Clinical Impact, and Prevention Strategies.Toxics · 2026Review
- Global Prevalence of Dry Eye Disease in Medical Students: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Vision (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Advances in Pharmacotherapy and Physiotherapy for Dry Eye Disease: Molecular Mechanisms and Future Directions-A Narrative Literature Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- New healthcare insights in ophthalmology: using a data integration center (DIC) to analyze the care of patients with corneal ulceration during the COVID-19 pandemic.International ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Effect of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic on Retinal Artery Occlusion.Journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Real-World Treatment Patterns and Clinical Outcomes with Cyclosporine 0.1% in Semifluorinated Alkane for Dry Eye Disease.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Article
- Prevalence of dry eye disease symptoms and impact on quality-of-life among hospital staff during the COVID-19 pandemic.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Pregnancy and Dry Eye Syndrome: A Review for Clinical Practice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Article
- Prevalence of dry eye symptoms and associated risk factors among students at Al-Mustaqbal University, Iraq.PloS one · 2025Article
- Evaluating the impact of smoking on the risk of dry eye disease: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Conditional reprogrammed human limbal epithelial cell model for anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug screening.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Recommendations for nutritional supplements for dry eye disease: current advances.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, many people devoted longer time to screen viewing due to the need for study, work, and online social activities, instead of outdoor activities, which may have led to an increase in dry eye symptoms. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of dry eye during the COVID-19 pandemic.
methodsPubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science were searched from January 1, 2020 to October 20, 2022. Cross-sectional surveys on dry eye prevalence conducted after January 1, 2020 were included. Two review authors independently performed data extraction and assessed study quality. The random-effects model was used to analyze the prevalence of dry eye, and the odds ratio was used to assess the strength of the association between variables. Subgroup analysis was performed to detect heterogeneity, the leave-one-out method for sensitivity analysis, and the Egger test for publication bias.
resultsA total of eleven studies with 15692 individuals met the eligibility criteria. The prevalence of dry eye during the COVID-19 pandemic was 61.0% (95%CI: 51.8%-70.2%) globally and 56.7% (95%CI: 45.3%-68.1%) in Asia. The prevalence of dry eye had significant differences in sex and visual display time, with higher prevalence among females and visual display time of more than 4 hours per day. Subgroup analysis was performed based on diagnostic tools, study population, and average age. A significant difference was found in diagnostic tools, but no significant change in heterogeneity (P<0.05). The leave-one-out method showed stable results, and the Egger test identified no significant publication bias.
conclusionThe prevalence of dry eye during the COVID-19 pandemic is significantly higher than before, and a higher prevalence is found among females and those having a visual display time of more than 4 hours per day.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.