ArticleFrontiers in immunology2023
Humoral antibody response following mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 in solid organ transplant recipients; a status after a fifth and bivalent vaccine dose.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Role of SARS-CoV-2-specific memory B cells promoting immune protection after booster vaccination in solid organ transplantation.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Trial
- Article
- SARS-CoV-2 infection in lung transplant recipients: a single-center retrospective study in Japan.Surgery today · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-elicited immune responses in solid organ transplant recipients.Clinical transplantation and research · 2024Review
- COVID-19 pneumonia in lung transplant recipients: understanding risk factors and treatment outcomes in Japan.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2024Article
- Lack of Specific Immune Response after Five Doses of mRNA SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in a Patient with CD4Vaccines · 2024Article
- Current German Recommendations and International Research on the Use of COVID-19 Boosters among Health Care Providers in 2024: A Narrative Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Review
- Humoral and cellular immune response from first to fourth SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in anti-CD20-treated multiple sclerosis patients-a longitudinal cohort study.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: In solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients, the humoral response following COVID-19 vaccination is reduced, as a result of their immunosuppressed treatment. In this study, we investigated antibody concentrations after booster vaccinations until the fifth dose, the latter by monovalent or bivalent BA1 or BA4/5 vaccines. In addition, we evaluated the efficacy of vaccination by recording breakthrough infections, hospitalizations, and deaths. Method: This prospective cohort study included 438 SOT recipients (>18 years) vaccinated with mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 from January 2021 until March 2023. Blood samples were drawn before and after each vaccination and tested for SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD IgG antibodies with the lowest and highest cut-off at 7.1 and 5,680 BAU/mL, respectively. Vaccine information, breakthrough infections, and hospitalizations were collected from the medical records. Results: Most participants received BNT162b2 and 61.4% received five vaccine doses. The response proportion in SOT recipients increased from 86.7% after the fourth dose to 93.0% following the fifth dose. Antibody concentration decreased with 142.7 BAU/mL between the third and fourth dose (median 132 days, Quartile 1: 123, Quartile 3: 148) and 234.3 BAU/mL between the fourth and fifth (median 250 days, Quartile 1: 241, Quartile 3: 262) dose among those without breakthrough infection (p=0.34). When comparing the Omicron BA.1 or Omicron BA.4/BA.5 adapted vaccines, no significant differences in antibody concentration were found, but 20.0% of SOT recipients receiving a monovalent fifth vaccine dose had a breakthrough infection compared to 4.0% and 7.9% among those who received BA.1 and BA.4/BA.5 adapted vaccines, respectively (p=0.04). Since January 2021, 240 (54.8%) participants had a breakthrough infection, and 22 were hospitalized, but no deaths were observed. Conclusions: The fifth COVID-19 vaccine dose raised antibody response to 93.0% of the study population. Additional booster doses, as well as bivalent vaccines, led to higher levels of antibody concentration in SOT recipients. We found a lower incidence of breakthrough infections among SOT recipients after receiving a bivalent vaccine as a fifth dose compared to those receiving a monovalent dose. Antibody concentrations did not wane when the time between doses was prolonged from four to eight months.
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