ArticleFrontiers in immunology2023
Appraising the causal relationship between thyroid function and rheumatoid arthritis: a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Causal risk and protective factors for rheumatoid arthritis: a comprehensive mendelian randomization systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in genetics · 2026Pooled it
- Autoimmune thyroid disease and human health: a systematic review of Mendelian randomization studies.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Integrative GWAS and Mendelian randomization study of rheumatoid arthritis based on the 2019 UK Biobank questionnaire.Clinical rheumatology · 2025Article
- Salidroside: A Potential Drug Candidate to Treat Rheumatoid Arthritis.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- White blood cell traits and lung cancer risk: a two-sample mendelian randomization analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- A Two-Way Mendelian Randomization Analysis on the Link between Thyroid Activity Function and Coronary Atherosclerosis.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Article
- The genetic causal relationship between type 2 diabetes, glycemic traits and venous thromboembolism, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.Thrombosis journal · 2024Article
- Evaluating the causal effects between Grave's disease and diabetes mellitus: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Application of Mendelian randomization in thyroid diseases: a review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Review
- Clinical efficacy analysis of ultrasound-guided microwave ablation for nodular goiters.American journal of translational research · 2024Article
- Causal associations and shared genetic etiology between neurodegenerative diseases and constipation.Journal of Alzheimer's disease reportsArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are observationally associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but causality is unclear. To evaluate the causal relationship between thyroid function and RA, we conducted a two-Sample bidirectional Mendelian Randomization (MR) study. Methods: Single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with six phenotypes were selected from the FinnGen biobank database, The ThyroidOmics Consortium database, and the IEU Open GWAS database. For the forward MR analysis, we selected hypothyroidism (N=213,390), Graves' disease (GD) (N=199,034), other types of hyperthyroidism (N=190,799), free thyroxine (FT4, N=49,269), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH, N=54,288) as the five related thyroid function phenotypes for exposure, with RA (N=58,284) as the outcome. Reverse MR analysis selected RA as the exposure and five phenotypes of thyroid function as the outcome. The Inverse variance weighting (IVW) method was used as the primary analysis method, supplemented by weighted median (WM) and MR-Egger methods. Cochran's Q test, MR-PRESSO, MR-Egger regression methods, and leave-one-out analysis were employed to assess sensitivity and pleiotropy. Results: Forward MR evidence indicates that genetic susceptibility to hypothyroidism is associated with an increased risk of RA (OR Conclusion: Our results provide genetic evidence supporting bidirectional causal relationships between thyroid function and RA. These findings inform preventive strategies and interventions targeting RA and thyroid dysfunction.
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