ArticleJournal of thoracic disease2023
Safety and tolerability of combination treatment with pirfenidone and nintedanib in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Article in Journal of thoracic disease, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pirfenidone combined with nintedanib in connective tissue disease - associated interstitial lung disease with radiologic progression during antifibrotic monotherapy: A case series.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Article
- ERS Congress 2025: highlights from the Interstitial Lung Diseases Assembly.ERJ open research · 2026Article
- Integrative Perspectives on Pirfenidone: Mechanistic Insights, Pharmacodynamics, and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies for Fibrotic Disorders.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2026Review
- Efficacy and safety of nintedanib combined with pirfenidone versus monotherapy in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.American journal of translational research · 2026Review
- Emerging pharmacological options in the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).Expert review of clinical pharmacology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: The role of combination treatments with two antifibrotic agents, pirfenidone and nintedanib, has been not established in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). This study was performed to investigate the safety and tolerability of combination antifibrotic treatment in patients with IPF. Methods: We conducted a proportional meta-analysis and searched PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register for relevant clinical trials. The primary outcome was the proportion of discontinuation of combination treatment over the treatment period. We also examined the pooled proportions of serious and any adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Results: Four clinical trials involving 191 patients were analyzed. In pooled estimates, 29% of patients discontinued treatment during the study period [95% confidence interval (CI): 17-41%, I Conclusions: Our findings showed relatively frequent incidence of discontinuation and ADRs for combination therapy in IPF. Further large-scale, randomized, controlled trials are needed to support our results because of the methodological limitations of the included trials and a scarcity of trials for analysis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.