ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2023
Association between body composition and the risk of mortality in the obese population in the United States.
Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trial
- Article
- Association between skeletal muscle index and kidney stones in health screening populations: a single-center cross-sectional study.Translational andrology and urology · 2026Article
- Extracellular Water and Phase Angle, Markers of Heightened Inflammatory State, and Their Extrapolative Potential for Body Composition Outcomes in Adults.Metabolites · 2026Article
- Adverse outcomes of sarcopenic obesity in older adults: a scoping review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Association of CTI and its obesity-related derivatives with incident depression among middle-aged and older adults across CKM stages 0-4: a nationwide prospective cohort study and external clinical validation.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Association of weight-adjusted waist index with motoric cognitive risk syndrome in Chinese adults Aged ≥ 60 years.Lipids in health and disease · 2025Article
- 2024 Obesity Fact Sheet in Korea: Prevalence of Obesity, Abdominal Obesity, Obesity Defined by Body Fat Percentage, and Underweight in Adults in Korea from 2013 to 2022.Journal of obesity & metabolic syndrome · 2025Article
- Beyond Sex Differences: Body Composition and Dietary Behaviors.Muscles (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Recent studies have presented the concept of the obesity paradox, suggesting that individuals with obesity have a lower risk of death than those without obesity. This paradox may arise because body mass index (BMI) alone is insufficient to understand body composition accurately. This study investigated the relationship between fat and muscle mass and the risk of mortality in individuals with overweight/obesity. Methods: We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2006 and 2011 to 2018, which were linked to mortality information obtained from the National Death Index. Multiple Cox regression analyses were performed to estimate mortality risk. Subgroup analysis was conducted using propensity score-matched (PSM) data for age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Results: This study included 16,555 participants who were overweight/obese (BMI≥25 kg/m Conclusion: In contrast to the obesity paradox, a simple increase in BMI does not protect against mortality. Instead, low body fat and high muscle mass reduce mortality risk.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.