ArticleDoklady biological sciences : proceedings of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Biological sciences sections2023
Sleep with Open Eyes in Two Species of Deer, the Indian Sambar (Rusa unicolor) and Sika Deer (Cervus nippon).
Article in Doklady biological sciences : proceedings of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Biological sciences sections, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Disputable Costs of Sleeping.Biology · 2025Review
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5 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
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Abstract
The relationship between postures, sleep stages and eye state was established in two species of deer, the Indian sambar (Rusa unicolor) and sika deer (Cervus nippon), based on video recording. In both species, the state of rest or behavioral sleep was recorded in the sternal position, holding the head above the ground, and in the lateral position, with the head resting on the croup or on the ground. Rest accounted for at least 80% of the time in these positions. Based on behavior criteria a substantial portion of rest represented slow-wave sleep. Episodes of rapid eye movements (REM sleep) were recorded in the lateral position. They did not exceed 2 min. When the deer were in the sternal posture, they kept their eyes open most of the time: in average 96% of the time in sambars and 82% in sika deer. Episodes of the open eye in this posture lasted up to 8.4 min in sambars and up to 3.3 min in sika deer. In the lateral position, such episodes were 4 and 1.5 times shorter. Sleeping with open eyes in ungulates may be an important mechanism of maintaining vigilance.
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