ArticleGerontology2024
The Association between Education and Cognitive Performance Varies at Different Levels of Cognitive Performance: A Quantile Regression Approach.
Article in Gerontology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of Warmed Irrigation Fluid During Shoulder Arthroscopy on Patient Temperature, Recovery, and Cognitive Function: A Prospective Analysis of Influencing Factors.Orthopaedic surgery · 2025Trial
- The association between lifetime marital histories and later-life cognitive function: evidence from the United States and China.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2026Article
- Development and Preliminary Validation of a Pakistani Neuropsychological Test Assessment Battery-Pantab.Clinical neuropsychiatry · 2025Article
- Cognitive function disparities among atrial fibrillation patients with varying comorbidities.Journal of geriatric cardiology : JGC · 2025Article
- Higher Education Influences Stroop Performance in Non-Demented Older Adults: The Mediating Role of Resting-State Brain Activity.Clinical and translational science · 2025Article
- Knowledge of Health Services Access Among Hajj Pilgrims in Saudi Arabia During the 1445 H (2024 G) Season and Its Associated Demographic and Health-Related Factors.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- A simple and efficient method of preparing patients with gastric cancer for abdominal MRI examination.Abdominal radiology (New York) · 2025Article
- Oculometric Assessment of Sensorimotor Impairment Associated with Liver Disease Is as Sensitive as Standard of Care Cognitive Tests.Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Predictive value and weight of factors associated with cognitive performance in Hispanics/Latinos enrolled in the Health and Aging Brain Study: Health Disparities.Alzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.)Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionEducational differences in cognitive performance among older adults are well documented. Studies that explore this association typically estimate a single average effect of education on cognitive performance. We argue that the processes that contribute to the association between education and cognitive performance are unlikely to have equal effects at all levels of cognitive performance. In this study, we employ an analytical approach that enables us to go beyond averages to examine the association between education and five measures of global and domain-specific cognitive performance across the outcome distributions.
methodsThis cross-sectional study included 1,780 older adults aged 58-68 years from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam. Conditional quantile regression was used to examine variation across the outcome distribution. Cognitive outcomes included Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score, crystallized intelligence, information processing speed, episodic memory, and a composite score of global cognitive performance.
resultsThe results showed that the associations between education and different cognitive measures varied across the outcome distributions. Specifically, we found that education had a stronger association with crystallized intelligence, MMSE, and a composite cognitive performance measure in the lower tail of performance distributions. The associations between education and information processing speed and episodic memory were uniform across the outcome distributions.
conclusionLarger associations between education and some domains of cognitive performance in the lower tail of the performance distributions imply that inequalities are primarily generated among individuals with lower performance rather than among average and high performers. Additionally, the varying associations across some of the outcome distributions indicate that estimating a single average effect through standard regression methods may overlook variations in cognitive performance between educational groups. Future studies should consider heterogeneity across the outcome distribution.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.