ArticleJournal of fluorescence2025
Solvent-Dependent Fluorescence Behavior and Water Detection Sensor Application of Visible Light-Emitting Fluorenone Derivative.
Article in Journal of fluorescence, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
The Sonogashira coupling reaction was used to synthesize a fluorenone derivative, with an extended conjugated structure to which fluorene is connected via acetylene linkage. This compound exhibited diverse fluorescence (FL) colors in the visible region depending on the polarity of the matrix solvents used. The solvatochromic FL presented as sky blue, green, and yellow in hexane, THF, and DMF, respectively. Fluorene moiety and fluorenone moiety acted as an electron donor (D) and as an electron acceptor (A), respectively, leading to an excited state intramolecular charge transfer based on the D-π-A electronic structure. In particular, this derivative showed a remarkable FL quenching in alcohol and chloroform, probably due to vibronic coupling through hydrogen bonding with these solvents. This idea was supported by the fact that the two solvents are characterized by very high hydrogen bond donor acidities compared to other solvents used in this study. This derivative also responded to the presence of very small amounts of water at several mg/mL levels in organic solvents, resulting in remarkable FL quenching.
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