ArticleJournal of global health2023
Assessing the causal relationship between COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 syndrome: A Mendelian randomisation study.
Article in Journal of global health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review of Mendelian randomization studies on common male-specific diseases.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- Dissecting the shared genetic landscape of anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Association of COVID-19 with risks of all-cause and cause-specific mortality post-infection: A UK Biobank cohort study.New microbes and new infections · 2026Article
- Novel Advancements in COVID-19 and Neuroscience.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: In the aftermath of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, we sought to explore the causal association between COVID-19 and 17 prevalent post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) symptoms using Mendelian randomisation (MR) methodology. Methods: We used 22 extensive genome-wide association study (GWAS) data sets, incorporating genetic variants as instrumental variables. Univariate Mendelian randomisation (UVMR) analyses involved 15 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for COVID-19 patients, 33 for hospitalised COVID-19 patients, and 29 for patients with severe respiratory symptoms due to COVID-19. Furthermore, we further used multivariable Mendelian randomisation (MVMR) analyses based on 93 SNPs for COVID-19 patients, 105 for hospitalised COVID-19 patients, and 99 for patients with severe respiratory symptoms due to COVID-19. With these analyses, we aimed to assess the causal associations between varying levels of COVID-19 infection and 17 prevalent PCS symptoms while accounting for the influence of educational and income levels. Results: UVMR analysis identified potential causal effects of COVID-19 genetic susceptibility on myalgia and pain in various regions. Hospitalised COVID-19 was potentially linked to erectile dysfunction and alopecia areata. Very severe respiratory confirmed patients exhibited increased pain and tobacco use. Meanwhile, the MVMR analysis demonstrated a potential causal link between hospitalised COVID-19 and heart arrhythmia, and a protective effect of COVID-19 on tobacco use after adjusting for educational and income levels. Conclusions: Our MR analysis provides compelling evidence of causal associations between genetic susceptibility to COVID-19 and specific PCS symptoms, in which educational and income levels play a mediating role. These findings shed light on PCS pathogenesis and underscore the importance of considering social factors in its management. Tailored interventions and policies are crucial for PCS-affected individuals' well-being. Further research is needed to explore the impact of social determinants on COVID-19 patients and the wider population.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.