ArticleTherapeutic advances in neurological disorders2023
Single-cell profiling reveals preferential reduction of memory B cell subsets in cladribine patients that correlates with treatment response.
Article in Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dynamics of Spinal Fluid Immune Cell Alterations Following Cladribine Tablet Treatment in Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Trial
- From Marginal to Central: Marginal Zone-like B Cells as Critical Targets in Cladribine-Treated Multiple Sclerosis.Annals of neurology · 2026Article
- French expert opinion on the long-term management of relapsing multiple sclerosis with cladribine tablets beyond year 4.Journal of neurology · 2026Review
- Intrathecal immunoglobulin production in the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2026Review
- Confined B-Cell Reconstruction and High T-Cell Clonality Define Clinical Response to Cladribine Treatment.Annals of neurology · 2026Article
- Treatment-free remission in MS: long-term disease control with cladribine tablets.Journal of neurology · 2026Review
- Switching from anti-CD20 therapies to cladribine and vice versa - Analysis of a German relapsing multiple sclerosis cohort.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026Article
- Is therapy-free remission a realistic goal with cladribine tablets in multiple sclerosis? New insights into the mechanism of action and clinical implications of immune reconstitution with cladribine tablets in MS therapy.Journal of neurology · 2025Review
- Review
- Cellular and humoral vaccination response under immunotherapies-German consensus on vaccination strategies in neurological autoimmune diseases.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2025Article
- The gut-brain-axis one year after treatment with cladribine tablets in patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis: a pilot study.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Observational
- Long-term impact of oral cladribine on humoral immunity in multiple sclerosis.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2025Article
- Aggressive treatment of early acute focal inflammatory activity to extend the window for BTK inhibition in multiple sclerosis.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2025Review
- B-Cell Receptor Repertoire: Recent Advances in Autoimmune Diseases.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
23 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Cladribine is a highly effective immunotherapy that is applied in two short-term courses over 2 years and reduces relapse rate and disease progression in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS). Despite the short treatment period, cladribine has a long-lasting effect on disease activity even after recovery of lymphocyte counts, suggesting a yet undefined long-term immune modulating effect. Objectives: Our aim was to provide a more profound understanding of the detailed effects of cladribine, also with regard to the patients' therapy response. Design: We performed an open-labeled, explorative, prospective, single-arm study, in which we examined the detailed lymphocyte subset development of MS patients who received cladribine treatment over 2 years. Methods: We performed in-depth profiling of the effects of cladribine on peripheral blood lymphocytes by flow cytometry, bulk RNA sequencing of sorted CD4 Results: Flow cytometry revealed a predominant and sustained reduction of memory B cells compared to other B cell subsets after cladribine treatment, whereas T cell subsets were slightly reduced in a more uniform pattern. The overall transcriptional profile of total blood B cells exhibited reduced expression of proinflammatory and T cell activating genes, while single-cell transcriptomics revealed that gene expression within each B cell cluster did not change over time. Stable patients displayed stronger reductions of selected memory B cell clusters as compared to patients with clinical or cerebral MRI disease activity. Conclusion: We describe a pronounced and sustained effect of cladribine on the memory B cell compartment, and the resulting change in B cell subset composition causes a significant alteration of B cell transcriptional profiles resulting in reduced proinflammatory and T cell activating capacities. The extent of reduction in selected memory B cell clusters by cladribine may predict treatment response.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.