ArticleBMC genomics2023
Insights into ZmWAKL in maize kernel development: genome-wide investigation and GA-mediated transcription.
Article in BMC genomics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Physiology and Genetics of Continuous Flowering in Plants.Plant, cell & environment · 2026Review
- ZmWAKL21 is a maize wall-associated kinase-like protein that interacts with AvrRppC and contributes to southern corn rust resistance.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2026Article
- The WAK/WAKL gene family in Phaseolus vulgaris: genomic characterization and expression under Colletotrichum lindemuthianum infection.BMC genomics · 2026Article
- Candidate Gene for Kernel-Related Traits in Maize Revealed by a Combination of GWAS and Meta-QTL Analyses.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals potential regulatory genes involved in the development and strength formation of maize stalks.BMC plant biology · 2025Article
- Roles of maizeFrontiers in plant science · 2025Article
- A Comprehensive Analysis In Silico ofPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Describing and characterizing theFrontiers in plant science · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe functional roles of the Wall Associated Kinase (WAK) and Wall Associated Kinase Like (WAKL) families in cellular expansion and developmental processes have been well-established. However, the molecular regulation of these kinases in maize development is limited due to the absence of comprehensive genome-wide studies.
resultsThrough an in-depth analysis, we identified 58 maize WAKL genes, and classified them into three distinct phylogenetic clusters. Moreover, structural prediction analysis showed functional conservation among WAKLs across maize. Promoter analysis uncovered the existence of cis-acting elements associated with the transcriptional regulation of ZmWAKL genes by Gibberellic acid (GA). To further elucidate the role of WAKL genes in maize kernels, we focused on three highly expressed genes, viz ZmWAKL38, ZmWAKL42 and ZmWAKL52. Co-expression analyses revealed that their expression patterns exhibited a remarkable correlation with GA-responsive transcription factors (TF) TF5, TF6, and TF8, which displayed preferential expression in kernels. RT-qPCR analysis validated the upregulation of ZmWAKL38, ZmWAKL42, ZmWAKL52, TF5, TF6, and TF8 following GA treatment. Additionally, ZmWAKL52 showed significant increase of transcription in the present of TF8, with ZmWAKL52 localizing in both the plasma membrane and cell wall. TF5 positively regulated ZmWAKL38, while TF6 positively regulated ZmWAKL42.
conclusionsCollectively, these findings provide novel insights into the characterization and regulatory mechanisms of specific ZmWAKL genes involved in maize kernel development, offering prospects for their utilization in maize breeding programs.
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