ArticleJMIR research protocols2023
Economic Burden of Mosquito-Borne Diseases in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Protocol for a Systematic Review.
Article in JMIR research protocols, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Effectiveness of natural predators, microbial bioinsecticides, and plant-based bioinsecticides to reduce mosquito-borne disease burden: a systematic review.Journal of medical entomology · 2026Pooled it
- Single-cell RNA sequencing unravels mosquito biology and host-pathogen interactions.Parasites & vectors · 2026Review
- Comparative larvicidal efficacy and phytochemical profiling of selected Solanaceous hexane extracts against Culex pipiens and Aedes aegypti.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Characterization and Evaluation of Justicia adhatoda L. and Its Green Synthesized Nanoparticles for Its Efficacy in Culex quinquefasciatus.Acta parasitologica · 2026Article
- Making scents of mosquito lures: semiochemical attractants for adult mosquitoes.Parasites & vectors · 2026Review
- Field comparison of BG-Pro configurations with CDC light traps and evaluation of the BG-Counter 2 trap for automated mosquito surveillance in urban and rural Thailand.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- The evolution of mosquito baiting: from chemical and electronic methods toward AI.Parasites & vectors · 2026Review
- Evaluating AI-based mosquito monitoring technologies: a field study in Zhejiang Province, 2025.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Temperature and relative humidity differentially affect deltamethrin and malathion toxicity in the mosquitoPeerJ · 2026Article
- How technologies are driving digital innovation in mosquito surveillance systems: a global scoping review over the past decade.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Not here yet, but one bite away: Risk for vector-borne zoonotic diseases.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Review
- Qualitative ethnobotanical survey on the virtues of Carapa procera and plants used for protection against mosquitoes in Côte d'Ivoire.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- Larvicidal activity of Trichoderma atroviride (Hypocreales: Hypocreaceae) against Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae).Journal of medical entomology · 2025Article
- Beyond the bite: how mosquito salivary proteins modulate midgut biology and malaria parasite transmission.Current opinion in insect science · 2025Review
- West Nile Virus (WNV): One-Health and Eco-Health Global Risks.Veterinary sciences · 2025Review
- Menstrual Cycle Matters in Host Attractiveness to Mosquitoes and Topical Repellent Protection.Insects · 2025Article
- An integrated approach to predict genetic risk for Mosquito-Borne diseases in the local Population of Tehsil Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Larvicidal activity ofCurrent research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2025Article
- Metagenome analysis of viruses associated withPeerJ · 2025Article
- Machine learning reveals immediate disruption in mosquito flight when exposed to Olyset nets.Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGlobally, among all the vector-borne diseases, mosquito-borne diseases are responsible for a substantial number of cases and deaths and amount to an economic cost of US $12 billion per year. However, there is a dearth of systematic research conducted on the economic burden of mosquito-borne diseases. To address the lack of comprehensive information on this topic, a systematic review will be conducted to synthesize evidence for informing targeted policies and strategies addressing this growing burden and for better financial protection of households.
objectiveThe systematic review aims to review the economic burden of mosquito-borne diseases in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The review estimates the total cost, which is the compilation of both the direct costs and indirect costs. Additionally, it reports cost estimates per disease, country, and patient. The review outcome will also discuss the impact of the economic burden in terms of out-of-pocket expenditure, catastrophic health expenditure, impoverishment, and gross domestic product impact due to mosquito-borne diseases in LMICs.
methodsSystematic searches will be conducted in PubMed (MEDLINE), Ovid Embase, Scopus, the cumulative index of nursing and allied health literacy, and Cochrane CENTRAL. Additionally, websites of the World Bank, World Health Organization, and Asian Development Bank as well as grey literature (eg, Malaria No More and the Ministry of Health websites) will be searched to gather comprehensive information on the topic and identify studies published in the English language. The titles and abstracts will be independently screened by 2 reviewers, followed by a full-text review against the inclusion criteria. Disagreements will be resolved through discussion with a third author. The methodological reporting quality of the studies will be evaluated using the Larg and Moss checklist, Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials, and the Consensus on Health Economic Criteria. Data will be extracted using a standardized data extraction form.
resultsThe protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023427111) prior to the initiation of the search strategy. The review is currently ongoing and will synthesize information from the identified studies through a process involving structured screening, data extraction, and critical appraisal in the form of tables and a narrative summary of studies reporting the economic burden incurred due to mosquito-borne diseases in LMICs.
conclusionsThis review seeks to report the economic burden of mosquito-borne diseases. It will act as evidence for policymakers to prioritize their decisions regarding containing the prevalence of mosquito-borne diseases and the means to lowering the incidence of diseases spread by mosquitoes.
trial registrationPROSPERO CRD42023427111; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=427111. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): PRR1-10.2196/50985.
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