ArticleFrontiers in psychology2023
How task difficulty and academic self-efficacy impact retrieval practice guidance.
Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Good Teacher Guidance, Whence Academic Efficacy? Parallel Mediating Path of Positive and Negative Academic Emotions in Junior High Students.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Mathematics self-efficacy and resilience link ICT use to mathematical literacy: the moderating role of mathematics anxiety.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Retrieval practice can enhance learning but is rarely used in self-regulated learning. Although explicit retrieval practice guidance (RPG)-which helps students use retrieval correctly-can improve learning outcomes, however, task difficulty and differences in academic self-efficacy (ASE) may influence retrieval practice decisions and learning performance, which were not considered in previous researches. The purpose of this study was to explore whether RPG produces different effects due to task difficulty and ASE. In Experiment 1, participants studied tasks with varying difficulty levels, some of which were guided. Results showed that RPG could enhance learning through increased retrieval practice, and participants engaged in more retrieval for difficult tasks. In Experiment 2, participants with different degrees of ASE learned tasks under guidance. Participants with high ASE persisted better on different tasks. Hence, task difficulty can affect retrieval practice decisions, and ASE increases persistence in retrieval practice. The implications of the findings for students' use of RPG are discussed in this article.
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