Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38077468›Full record

ArticleCurrent research in food science2023

Detection of aflatoxins in ground maize using a compact and automated Raman spectroscopy system with machine learning.

Yong-Kyoung Kim, Jianwei Qin, Insuck Baek, Kyung-Min Lee, Sung-Youn Kim, Seyeon Kim, Diane Chan, Timothy J Herrman, Namkuk Kim, Moon S Kim

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Current research in food science, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Artificial intelligence in food safety.NPJ science of food · 2026
    Review
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  5. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Yong-Kyoung KimDivision of Safety Analysis, Experiment & Research Institute, National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea.
Jianwei QinEnvironmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 303 Powder Mill Rd., Building 303 BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
Insuck BaekEnvironmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 303 Powder Mill Rd., Building 303 BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
Kyung-Min LeeOffice of the Texas State Chemist, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University System, College Station, TX 77841, USA.
Sung-Youn KimDivision of Safety Analysis, Experiment & Research Institute, National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea.
Seyeon KimDivision of Safety Analysis, Experiment & Research Institute, National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea.
Diane ChanEnvironmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 303 Powder Mill Rd., Building 303 BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
Timothy J HerrmanOffice of the Texas State Chemist, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University System, College Station, TX 77841, USA.
Namkuk KimDivision of Safety Analysis, Experiment & Research Institute, National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea.
Moon S KimEnvironmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 303 Powder Mill Rd., Building 303 BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Consumption of aflatoxin-contaminated food can cause severe illness when consumed by humans or livestock. Because the mycotoxin frequently occurs in cereal grains and other agricultural crops, it is crucial to develop portable devices that can be used non-destructively and in real-time to identify aflatoxin-contaminated food materials during early stages of harvesting or processing. In this study, an aflatoxin detection method was developed using a compact Raman device that can be used in the field. Data were obtained using maize samples naturally contaminated with aflatoxin, and the data were analyzed using a machine learning method. Of the multiple classification models evaluated, such as linear discriminant analysis (LDA), linear support vector machines (LSVM), quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA), and quadratic support vector machines and spectral preprocessing methods, the best classification accuracy was achieved at 95.7% using LDA in combination with Savitzky-Golay 2nd derivative (SG2) preprocessing. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) models demonstrated a close-range accuracy within the scope of standard normal variate (SNV) and multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) preprocessing methods, with determination of coefficient values of R

Indexed as

AflatoxinClassificationMachine learningMaizePartial least square regression

Identifiers

PMID38077468
PMCPMC10698252

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.