ArticleFrontiers in veterinary science2023
Reliability and interobserver variability of a grading system of ventricular distension in dogs.
Article in Frontiers in veterinary science, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Case Report: Suspected hereditary spontaneous hydrocephalus in a Beagle pedigree.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Subcortical and white matter alterations in canine ventriculomegaly: an observational volumetric and voxel-based-morphometry study.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2025Article
- Quantitative Analysis of 137 MRI Images in Hydrocephalic Dogs.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Premature closure of the caudal calvarial midline suture is associated with scaphocephaly and ventriculomegaly in Boxer dogs.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- CSF flow measurement in the mesencephalic aqueduct using 2D cine phase-contrast MRI in dogs with communicating internal hydrocephalus, ventriculomegaly, and physiologic ventricular spaces.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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Abstract
Introduction: Internal hydrocephalus is the most common malformation of the central nervous system in dogs. Although the grades of ventricular distension have importance for long-term prognosis, there is no standard classification scheme describing the grade of the ventricular distension in dogs. Materials and methods: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans from 147 dogs of various breed, sex, skull conformation, and weight were reviewed retrospectively and blinded between three observers. Based on objectively assessable morphologic characteristics, the lateral cerebral ventricles were graded as normal, minimally, mildly, moderately, severely enlarged or end stage (grade 0 to grade 5), respectively. Evans' index or the ventricle brain index was also measured in all animals. Interobserver agreement between a very experienced, experienced, and unexperienced person was evaluated by the Spearman coefficient and kappa tests. Additionally, correlation to the ventricle brain index was determined using the Spearman coefficient and F-tests. Results: The Spearman correlation coefficient reached a very strong correlation ( Conclusion: The presented MRI-based grading of ventricular enlargement is a reliable and functional method for an objective grading of the ventricular system in dogs. Some experience in MRI and brain anatomy is needed for interpretation and grading.
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