Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38076030›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in bioinformatics2023

The promises of large language models for protein design and modeling.

Giorgio Valentini, Dario Malchiodi, Jessica Gliozzo, Marco Mesiti, Mauricio Soto-Gomez, Alberto Cabri, Justin Reese, Elena Casiraghi, Peter N Robinson

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in bioinformatics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Technical review of artificial intelligence in TCR-T therapy.Journal of the National Cancer Center · 2026
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  13. Fine-tuning of conditional Transformers improvesComputational and structural biotechnology journal · 2025
    Article
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  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Learning Tools Using ChatGPT in the Biochemistry Class: Creating Notes and Performance on Exams.Biochemistry and molecular biology education : a bimonthly publication of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Giorgio ValentiniAnacletoLab, Dipartimento di Informatica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
Dario MalchiodiAnacletoLab, Dipartimento di Informatica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
Jessica GliozzoAnacletoLab, Dipartimento di Informatica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
Marco MesitiAnacletoLab, Dipartimento di Informatica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
Mauricio Soto-GomezAnacletoLab, Dipartimento di Informatica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
Alberto CabriAnacletoLab, Dipartimento di Informatica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
Justin ReeseEnvironmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States.
Elena CasiraghiAnacletoLab, Dipartimento di Informatica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
Peter N RobinsonJackson Lab for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The recent breakthroughs of Large Language Models (LLMs) in the context of natural language processing have opened the way to significant advances in protein research. Indeed, the relationships between human natural language and the "language of proteins" invite the application and adaptation of LLMs to protein modelling and design. Considering the impressive results of GPT-4 and other recently developed LLMs in processing, generating and translating human languages, we anticipate analogous results with the language of proteins. Indeed, protein language models have been already trained to accurately predict protein properties, generate novel functionally characterized proteins, achieving state-of-the-art results. In this paper we discuss the promises and the open challenges raised by this novel and exciting research area, and we propose our perspective on how LLMs will affect protein modeling and design.

Indexed as

deep learninglarge language modelsprotein designprotein engineeringprotein modelingtransformers

Identifiers

PMID38076030
PMCPMC10701588

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.