ArticleTobacco induced diseases2023
The impact of smoking on estimated biological age and body fat composition: A cross-sectional study.
Article in Tobacco induced diseases, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Body Composition and Metabolic Profiles in Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Comparison of People Who Use E-Cigarettes, People Who Smoke Cigarettes, and People Who Have Never Used Nicotine Products.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Refined carbohydrates and the overfat pandemic: implications for brain health and public health policy.Frontiers in public health · 2025Review
- Reversing Aging and Improving Health Span in Glaucoma Patients: The Next Frontier?Journal of current glaucoma practiceArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionSmoking tobacco results in the death of more than 8 million people every year. Our study aims to explore a new approach for smoking cessation by analyzing body composition differences between smokers and non-smokers, focusing on potential variations in biological and chronological ages.
methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 at the Special Hospital for Medical Rehabilitation in Croatia. It included 164 subjects, 81 smokers and 83 non-smokers, aged 40-65 years. This study was part of a two-year investigation on locomotor parameter changes as early COPD predictors. Measurements encompassed body parameters, spirometry tests, and body composition. Spirometry was done using the Flowscreen Pro device, and the FEV1/FVC ratio determined lung function. The GAIA 359 PLUS device assessed body composition and estimated biological age. Exclusion criteria applied to specific medical conditions and recent surgeries.
resultsSmokers had a slightly higher percentage of fat tissue than non-smokers (median=27%, IQR: 24-31) compared to non-smokers (median=25%, IQR: 22-28, p<0.001). The difference in the Gaia estimated age and the actual age of the subjects was significantly higher in the group of smokers (median=2, IQR: 0-3) compared to non-smokers (median=0 IQR: -2-2, p=0.003), but they did not differ in muscle tissue, weight or the proportion of trunk adipose tissue.
conclusionsOur study revealed that smokers exhibit higher fat tissue percentages and a higher estimated biological age relative to non-smokers. These findings underscore the established health hazards of smoking and the imperative for smoking cessation in mitigating these adverse effects.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.