ReviewFrontiers in public health2023
A comprehensive review of microbial contamination in the indoor environment: sources, sampling, health risks, and mitigation strategies.
Review in Frontiers in public health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- SARS-CoV-2 infection rates and associated risk factors in healthcare workers: systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Pooled it
- Effectiveness of Hydrogen Peroxide Nebulization Combined with Manual Cleaning in Reducing Surface-Associated Microorganisms in an Indoor Fitness Environment.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Multidimensional Profiles of Microbial Contamination and Hygiene Risk Across Functional Areas in Family Hotels.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Seasonal Variations and Indoor-Outdoor Characteristics of Fluorescent Aerosol Particles in Japanese Office Buildings.Biosensors · 2026Article
- Microbial Contamination of Gym Equipment: Diversity Patterns, Temporal Dynamics, Staphylococcus Hotspots, and Device-Level Risk Indices.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Observational
- High-Touch, High-Risk: An Exploratory Microbiome Analysis of Hospital Wheelchairs.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Integrated PM-MOX-Thermal Sensing for Monitoring Bioaerosol Dynamics in Controlled Indoor Environments.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Design of a Wireless Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation System and Validation of Germicidal Potential Against Biofilm-Forming Bacteria and Fungi.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Cultivated Meat and the Future of Food Systems: Promise, Progress, and Challenges.Food science & nutrition · 2026Review
- Exposures in Indoor Air Affecting Health.Allergy · 2026Review
- Indoor air bacterial and fungal burden in the environment of an atopic child: implications for elevated urine mycotoxin levels.Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju · 2026Article
- Filamentous Fungi and the Biodeterioration of Organic Cultural Heritage Materials: A Systematic Review of Mechanisms, Risks, and Preventive Conservation Strategies.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Development and Validation of a Nomogram for Predicting Mortality in Patients with Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria Infection: A Retrospective Cohort Study in China.International journal of general medicine · 2026Article
- Association between environmental mold exposure and mild cognitive impairment in older adults: a case-control study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Cleaning and Disinfecting Public Transportation Vehicles Against Respiratory Infectious Diseases in Lebanon: A Cross-Sectional Study.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2026Article
- Microbial contamination in the indoor environment of Arabian Gulf: a review.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Indoor airborne dust in veterinary facilities as a reservoir of bacterial pathogens and antimicrobial resistance.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- The influence of environmental factors on the diversity and structure of airborne fungal and bacterial communities.Mycology · 2026Review
- Genetic Engineering of Escherichia coli W for Linalool Production Using Beet Juice as the Sole Carbon Source.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Managing and monitoring indoor air quality and surface decontamination in healthcare environments.Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The quality of the indoor environment significantly impacts human health and productivity, especially given the amount of time individuals spend indoors globally. While chemical pollutants have been a focus of indoor air quality research, microbial contaminants also have a significant bearing on indoor air quality. This review provides a comprehensive overview of microbial contamination in built environments, covering sources, sampling strategies, and analysis methods. Microbial contamination has various origins, including human occupants, pets, and the outdoor environment. Sampling strategies for indoor microbial contamination include air, surface, and dust sampling, and various analysis methods are used to assess microbial diversity and complexity in indoor environments. The review also discusses the health risks associated with microbial contaminants, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses, and their products in indoor air, highlighting the need for evidence-based studies that can relate to specific health conditions. The importance of indoor air quality is emphasized from the perspective of the COVID-19 pandemic. A section of the review highlights the knowledge gap related to microbiological burden in indoor environments in developing countries, using India as a representative example. Finally, potential mitigation strategies to improve microbiological indoor air quality are briefly reviewed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.