ArticleOncology letters2024
Proton pump inhibitors and risk of gastrointestinal cancer: A meta‑analysis of cohort studies.
Article in Oncology letters, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Chemoprevention of Gastrointestinal Cancers: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses of Randomized Controlled Trials and Cohort Studies.Clinical and translational science · 2025Pooled it
- Proton pump inhibitors and the risk of gastric cancer: a systematic review, evidence synthesis and life course epidemiology perspective.BMJ open gastroenterology · 2025Pooled it
- Should we pay more attention to the potential link betweenWorld journal of gastroenterology · 2024Pooled it
- Article
- Long term use of proton pump inhibitors and risk of stomach cancer: population based case-control study in five Nordic countries.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2026Article
- Perspectives on gastric cancer: the central role of gastrin in carcinogenesis byFrontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Ecological associations between gastric acid suppressant use and gastrointestinal cancer incidence: a three-decade global study.Irish journal of medical science · 2025Article
- Proton Pump Inhibitor Use in Older Adult Patients with Multiple Chronic Conditions: Clinical Risks and Best Practices.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Gastric cancer in patients withWorld journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2025Article
- Gastric Cancer Screening in the United States: A Review of Current Evidence, Challenges, and Future Perspectives.The American journal of gastroenterology · 2025Review
- Review
- Anti-ulcerogenic Potential of Kalanchoë gastonis-bonnieri Extracts in Male ICR Mice Model of Ethanol-induced Gastric Ulcers.Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2024Article
- Long-Term Proton Pump Inhibitor-Acid Suppressive Treatment Can Cause Vitamin BInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Long-Term Intake of Proton-Pump Inhibitors Could Be Associated with an Increased Incidence of Liver Cancer in Women.Cancers · 2024Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely used in the treatment of various acid-related disorders, observational studies have raised concern about an association between PPI use and the risk of gastrointestinal cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the association between them using a meta-analysis of cohort studies. PubMed and Excerpta Medica dataBASE were searched from inception to December 2022 to identify relevant cohort studies. The primary outcome was the risk of gastrointestinal cancer among PPI users, expressed as a pooled odds ratio (OR), relative risk (RR) or hazard ratio (HR) and its 95% CI based on a random-effects model. A total of 25 cohort studies from 23 articles were included in the final analysis. In the meta-analysis of all studies, an increased risk of gastrointestinal cancer following the use of PPIs was observed (OR/RR/HR, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.78-2.46). Subgroup analyses by type of cancer also revealed an association between PPI use and the risk of esophageal, gastric, liver and pancreatic cancer, whereas there was no association for colorectal cancer. The increased risk of gastrointestinal cancer was also observed in individuals who had used PPIs for <1 year (OR/RR/HR, 5.23; 95% CI, 2.96-9.24) as well as individuals who had used PPIs for up to 3 years. The present meta-analysis revealed that the use of PPIs was associated with an increased risk of gastrointestinal cancer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.