SynthesisBMJ open2023
Impact of smoking cessation on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease prevalence: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMJ open, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of combined healthy lifestyle factors with the risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016-2021.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Smoking and liver diseases: an updated review of pathogenesis, progression, and therapeutic implications.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Review
- Association of behavioral factors, liver function and NAFLD: Bayesian Mendelian randomization.Nutrition & metabolism · 2025Article
- Interplay of Oxidative Stress, Gut Microbiota, and Nicotine in Metabolic-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD).Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- The Evolution in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Patients' Profile and the Associated Sustainable Challenges: A Multidisciplinary Perspective.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Development of a prediction model for predicting the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Chinese nurses: the first-year follow data of a web-based ambispective cohort study.BMC gastroenterology · 2024Article
- Potential biomarkers for cerebral small vessel disease with cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThe negative effects of smoking on numerous cardiovascular and metabolic diseases have been widely acknowledged. However, the potential effect of smoking cessation is relatively unelucidated. The objective of this study is to explore whether the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in former smokers differs from the prevalence in current smokers.
designSystematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES: Four databases, that is, PubMed, Web of Science, Journal@Ovid and Scopus were searched from inception to 31 January 2023. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Population-based cross-sectional studies, including the baseline data of cohort studies with identified NAFLD diagnostic methods, and smoking status (current smoker or former smoker) of participants were included. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Two reviewers independently extracted the data including cigarette smoking status, country/region of studies, NAFLD diagnostic methods, sex, the average age and body mass index (BMI) of NAFLD participants and assessed the risk of bias with Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) methodology checklist. Risk ratio (RR) of NAFLD prevalence in former smokers was pooled using the random-effects model.
results28 studies involving 4 465 862 participants were included. Compared with current smokers, the RR of overall NAFLD prevalence in former smokers was 1.13 (95% CI: 1.08 to 1.19, prediction interval: 0.92-1.39). This result persisted after adjustment for diagnostic methods, country/region, sex, age and BMI. Sensitivity analysis and risk of bias assessment indicated a stable conclusion.
conclusionsNAFLD prevalence in former smokers was at least not lower than that in current smokers and was partially related to increased BMI after smoking cessation, indicating that smoking cessation was possibly not a protective factor against NAFLD. Although the meta-analysis based on cross-sectional studies cannot conclude the causal relationships between smoking cessation and NAFLD onset, the potential onset of NAFLD associated with smoking cessation should be highlighted. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42023394944.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.