ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2023
Radiation and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Combination Therapy for Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Synergies between radiotherapy and immunotherapy: a systematic review from mechanism to clinical application.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Immunotherapy for virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma: recent progress and future directions.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Current status and challenges of immune checkpoint inhibitors in liver cancer: from monotherapy to combination strategies.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2026Review
- Synergizing Radiotherapy and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Malignant Solid Tumours: Mechanistic Insights and Translational Frontiers.Expert reviews in molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Integrated single-cell and transcriptomic analysis of CD8Translational cancer research · 2026Article
- Multimodal Conversion Therapy Enabling Curative Resection in Giant Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Arteriovenous Fistula: A Case Report.Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma · 2026Article
- Modern approach to hepatocellular carcinoma treatment.World journal of hepatology · 2025Review
- Anti-PD-1 therapy for preventing recurrence and improving survival in hepatocellular carcinoma patients after hepatectomy.BMC surgery · 2025Observational
- Chinese Expert Consensus on the Whole-Course Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2023 Edition).Liver cancer · 2025Review
- Therapeutic potential of flavonoids in gastrointestinal cancer: Focus on signaling pathways and improvement strategies (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2025Review
- Antibody treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: a review of current and emerging approaches.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Clinical Outcomes and Hepatic Toxicity of Combined Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy and PD-1 Inhibitors in Child-Pugh Class B Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2025Article
- Exploring New Frontiers in Cryoablation and Immunotherapy Synergy.Radiology. Imaging cancer · 2024Article
- Do We Have a Winner? Advocating for SBRT in HCC Management.Clinical and translational radiation oncology · 2024Article
- Prognostic nomogram of overall survival for radiation therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma: a population study based on the SEER database and an external cohort.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
- Global research development of chondrosarcoma from 2003 to 2022: a bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The liver tumor immune microenvironment has been thought to possess a critical role in the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Despite the approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as programmed cell death receptor 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors, for several types of cancers, including HCC, liver metastases have shown evidence of resistance or poor response to immunotherapies. Radiation therapy (RT) has displayed evidence of immunosuppressive effects through the upregulation of immune checkpoint molecules post-treatment. However, it was revealed that the limitations of ICIs can be overcome through the use of RT, as it can reshape the liver immune microenvironment. Moreover, ICIs are able to overcome the RT-induced inhibitory signals, effectively restoring anti-tumor activity. Owing to the synergetic effect believed to arise from the combination of ICIs with RT, several clinical trials are currently ongoing to assess the efficacy and safety of this treatment for patients with HCC.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.