ArticleJournal of clinical medicine2023
Grossly Bloody Colostrum-The Need for Staff Education and Maternal Support.
Article in Journal of clinical medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rusty Pipe Syndrome: a Rare Syndrome During Breast Feeding-Our Experience.Materia socio-medica · 2025Article
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9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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Abstract
backgroundGrossly bloody colostrum is defined as the presence of brownish or bloody-colored colostrum. The frequency is determined to be 0.1% of all births, and no predisposing factor for its occurrence was determined. The purpose of this study was to find factors that increase the probability of the syndrome and the possible influence of the presence of erythrocytes (red blood cells-RBCs) in breast milk on the symptoms of maternal milk intolerance in newborns.
methodsHere, 2 mL of colostrum was collected from 137 participants on postpartum days 1-3, separately from each breast, and transferred to the laboratory. For microscopic analysis, 0.5 mL of colostrum was centrifuged and then stained using the May-Grünwald-Giemsa method. Using an Olympus BX 43 light microscope at 400× total magnification, samples were visually assessed for the presence of RBCs. Additionally, the participants completed a questionnaire regarding their health status, observation of feeding tolerance of the newborn, observed milk color and other factors.
resultsThe number of RBCs in the yellow or white colostrum samples ranged from 8 to 1000 RBCs/mL and was found in 24.8% of cases. Regardless of the number of RBCs, the color of the milk was white (28.5%) or yellow (66.4%). Only one participant (0.7%) presented classical bloody-stained colostrum with visible bloody-milk colorization. We did not observe the influence of any analyzed factor as the reason for the increased number of RBCs in the colostrum.
conclusionsThe presence of RBCs in breast milk did not cause milk intolerance among newborns and was independent of the analyzed factors. Mothers should be supported, and in view of the overall composition of breast milk, especially the content of immune cells in colostrum, even a temporary interruption in breast milk feeding in the case of grossly bloody colostrum is not recommended.
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