ArticleMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2023
The Influences of Nb Microalloying and Grain Refinement Thermal Cycling on Microstructure and Tribological Properties of Armor Steel.
Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Correction: Youssef et al. The Influences of Nb Microalloying and Grain Refinement Thermal Cycling on Microstructure and Tribological Properties of Armor Steel.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The Effect of Replacing Ni with Mn on the Microstructure and Properties of AlMaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the combined effect of niobium (Nb) microalloying and austenite grain refinement, using a specific heat treatment cycle, on the microstructure and tribological properties of two newly developed armor steels prepared on a laboratory scale. In this work, Nb addition and thermal cycling were utilized for grain refinement and enhancement of the mechanical properties of investigated alloys, to provide improved protection via lightweight armor steel components with a high strength-to-weight ratio. The kinetics of transformation of the developed Armor alloys were studied using JMATPro version 13.2. The samples were subjected to two austenitizing temperatures, 1000 °C and 1100 °C, followed by 4 min of holding time and three consecutive thermal and rapid-quenching processes from 900 °C to room temperature. Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX) was employed to analyze the microstructure, which primarily consists of four types of martensite: short and long lath martensite, blocky martensite, and equiaxed martensite. Additionally, a small percentage (not exceeding 3%) of carbide precipitates was observed. The wear characteristics of the investigated alloys were evaluated using a pin-on-disc tribometer. The results demonstrate that alloying with Nb and grain refinement using a thermal cycle significantly reduce the wear rate.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.