ArticleBMC nutrition2023
The associations between whole grain, sugar and nutrients intakes in schoolchildren: a cross-sectional study.
Article in BMC nutrition, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Socio-Demographic Determinants, Dietary Patterns, and Nutritional Status Among School-Aged Children in Thulamela Municipality, Limpopo Province, South Africa.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWhole grains have gained extensive attention for their contribution to optimal diet quality in the child population. However, little is known about the association between whole grain and sugar intakes. This study aimed to determine whole grain intake and its associations with sugar and other nutrients intakes in schoolchildren.
methodsA total of 415 healthy Malaysian schoolchildren aged 9-12 years were recruited in this cross-sectional study, through cluster random sampling. Nutrient and sugar intakes were assessed using 3-day 24-hour diet recalls. Whole grain intake was assessed using a validated whole grain food frequency questionnaire.
resultsIn these 415 children (9.4-12.7 years), a total of 24 of them have been excluded due to over- and under-reported their dietary intake. Ultimate sample size was 391 children. Overall, consumption of whole grain, fiber, calcium and B vitamins were lower than the recommended intake. However, children consumed protein sufficiently. Whole grain intake was a significant predictor of calorie (β = 0.1011; p < 0.001), carbohydrate (β = 0.060; p = 0.002), fat (β = 0.107; p = 0.044), riboflavin (β = 3.537; p = 0.008) and sugar (β = 0.138; p = 0.007) intakes, after controlling for sex, age and ethnicity.
conclusionThe findings provide insight to parents, educators and healthcare professionals in encouraging children to choose whole grain food that is low in sugar and fat. The outcome will also encourage food manufacturing companies to produce healthier whole grain products.
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