Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38066548›Full record

ArticleBMC medicine2023

Association between menstrual cycle phase and metabolites in healthy, regularly menstruating women in UK Biobank, and effect modification by inflammatory markers and risk factors for metabolic disease.

Kirstin A MacGregor, Frederick K Ho, Carlos A Celis-Morales, Jill P Pell, Iain J Gallagher, Colin N Moran

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
1.8field-weighted citation impact, top 15% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Kirstin A MacGregorPhysiology, Exercise and Nutrition Research Group, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, UK.
Frederick K HoSchool of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
Carlos A Celis-MoralesSchool Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
Jill P PellHuman Performance Lab, Education, Physical Activity and Health Research Unit, University Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile.
Iain J GallagherPhysiology, Exercise and Nutrition Research Group, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, UK.
Colin N MoranPhysiology, Exercise and Nutrition Research Group, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, UK. colin.moran@stir.ac.uk.ORCID 0000-0001-6226-8131
University of Stirling · GBCatholic University of the Maule · CLUniversity of Glasgow · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPreliminary evidence demonstrates some parameters of metabolic control, including glycaemic control, lipid control and insulin resistance, vary across the menstrual cycle. However, the literature is inconsistent, and the underlying mechanisms remain uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the association between the menstrual cycle phase and metabolites and to explore potential mediators and moderators of these associations.

methodsWe undertook a cross-sectional cohort study using UK Biobank. The outcome variables were glucose; triglyceride; triglyceride to glucose index (TyG index); total, HDL and LDL cholesterol; and total to HDL cholesterol ratio. Generalised additive models (GAM) were used to investigate non-linear associations between the menstrual cycle phase and outcome variables. Anthropometric, lifestyle, fitness and inflammatory markers were explored as potential mediators and moderators of the associations between the menstrual cycle phase and outcome variables.

resultsData from 8694 regularly menstruating women in UK Biobank were analysed. Non-linear associations were observed between the menstrual cycle phase and total (p < 0.001), HDL (p < 0.001), LDL (p = 0.012) and total to HDL cholesterol (p < 0.001), but not glucose (p = 0.072), triglyceride (p = 0.066) or TyG index (p = 0.100). Neither anthropometric, physical fitness, physical activity, nor inflammatory markers mediated the associations between the menstrual cycle phase and metabolites. Moderator analysis demonstrated a greater magnitude of variation for all metabolites across the menstrual cycle in the highest and lowest two quartiles of fat mass and physical activity, respectively.

conclusionsCholesterol profiles exhibit a non-linear relationship with the menstrual cycle phase. Physical activity, anthropometric and fitness variables moderate the associations between the menstrual cycle phase and metabolite concentration. These findings indicate the potential importance of physical activity and fat mass as modifiable risk factors of the intra-individual variation in metabolic control across the menstrual cycle in pre-menopausal women.

Indexed as

Insulin ResistanceBiological Specimen BanksCholesterol, HDLCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleGlucoseHumansMenstrual CycleMenstruationRisk FactorsTriglyceridesCholesterol, HDLGlucoseTriglyceridesFollicular phaseGlucoseLipidLuteal phaseMetabolic controlTriglyceride

Identifiers

PMID38066548
PMCPMC10709933
OpenAlexW4389473666

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.