ArticleBMC women's health2023
Isometric and isokinetic strength of lower-limb muscles in female athletes during different phases of menstrual cycle: a causal-comparative study.
Article in BMC women's health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hamstring-to-quadriceps ratio across menstrual cycle phases in physically active women: a repeated-measures study.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Article
- The Influence of the Phases of the Menstrual Cycle on Intrinsic Injury Risk Factors in Eumenorrheic Female Athletes or Physically Active Women-A Systematic Review.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Practical guidelines for exercise prescription in different clinical populations.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026Review
- Knee isokinetic strength benchmarks in athletes across sports categories and performance levels.Biology of sport · 2025Article
- The Influence of Menstrual Cycle Phases on Maximal Strength Performance in Healthy Female Adults: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMuscle strength is affected by different stages of the menstrual cycle in women. Since the strength of the lower limb muscles plays a significant role in the occurrence of anterior cruciate ligament injury, it seems necessary to study the strength of the lower limb muscles at different stages of this cycle to take preventive measures. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the isometric and isokinetic strength of lower limb muscles in female athletes at different menstrual cycle stages.
methodsThe present study is of a causal-comparative type. Thirty-seven female athletes in anterior cruciate ligament injury high-risk disciplines participated in this study. Isometric and isokinetic knee extensors and flexors muscle strength status, including the traditional hamstrings/quadriceps (H/Q) ratios, were recorded at different stages of the menstrual cycle (follicular, ovulatory, luteal) by Biodex isokinetic dynamometry system 4. Then, the obtained results were analyzed by repeated measure analysis of variance.
resultsAnalysis of variance with repeated measures showed isokinetic and isometric strength in the knee flexor and extensor muscles at an angular velocity of 60˚/s in the ovulatory phase are higher than the follicular and luteal ones. The strength of the muscles declined during the follicular and luteal phases (p ≤ 0.05).
conclusionsDue to the negative effect of the follicular and luteal stages of the menstrual cycle on the strength of the flexor and extensor muscles of the knee, the risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury may increase during this period. Therefore, it is recommended that all female coaches and athletes take preventive measures during this period.
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