ArticleJournal of racial and ethnic health disparities2025
HIV and Hepatitis C Among People Who Inject Drugs in Memphis, Tennessee: an Intersectional Risk Environment Analysis of the Social Determinants of Health.
Article in Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 citations in OpenAlex.
- Variations in the viral hepatitis C prevalence and treatment status by material hardship and cumulative risk among people who inject drugs.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2026Article
- PrEP Navigator Perceptions of the Implementation of Injectable PrEP on HIV Prevention in Tennessee.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe Southern US is confronting bourgeoning HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) epidemics among people who inject drugs (PWID), yet little is known about shared and unique risk factors across the region. We applied an intersectional risk environment framework to understand infectious disease outcomes for sub-groups of PWID that experience multiple axes of social marginalization related to racial and ethnic identity and social and economic vulnerability.
methodsHIV and HCV prevalence was estimated from the first iteration of the CDC's National HIV Behavioral Surveillance respondent driven sample of PWID in Shelby County, Tennessee in 2018. We ran adjusted multinomial models to test main and interaction effects of race/ethnicity and structural factors on the prevalence of a three-level outcome: HIV-only, HCV-only, and no infection.
resultsA total of 564 PWID participated, 558 (99%) completed HIV testing, and 540 (96%) HCV testing. Thirty (5%) were HIV-positive, 224 (40%) HCV-positive, and less than 1% were co-infected. Descriptive differences by race/ethnicity and levels of structural vulnerability for HIV and HCV subpopulations were present; however, there was no evidence for statistical interaction. In the final main effects model, HIV status was positively associated with non-Hispanic Black identity (aRR 4.95, 95% CI 1.19, 20.6), whereas HCV status was associated with non-white identity (aRR 0.11 95% CI 0.07, 0.18). Factors associated with HCV infection were higher scores of structural vulnerability (aRR 2.19 95% CI 1.10, 4.35), and criminal legal involvement (aOR 1.99 95% CI 1.18, 3.37).
conclusionThis is the first study to implement local population-based survey data to evaluate distinctive intersections of ethnic/racial and social factors associated with HIV and HCV status among PWID in the Memphis region. Findings come at an opportune time as harm reduction programs are in development in the South and shed light to the need for socially equitable race conscious resource investment.
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