ArticleThe American journal of pathology2024
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-C Treatment Enhances Cerebrospinal Fluid Outflow during Toxoplasma gondii Brain Infection but Does Not Improve Cerebral Edema.
Article in The American journal of pathology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Role of meningeal lymphatic vessels in brain homeostasis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Mechanisms of parasite-mediated disruption of brain vessels.FEBS letters · 2026Review
- The cribriform plate: A dynamic central nervous system-immune hub.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2026Review
- The neurobiological regulatory mechanism of brain edema.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Review
- Deep cervical lymph node analysis in central nervous system inflammatory disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- From defense to disease: the multifaceted role of lymphatics during infection.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2025Review
- Dysregulated lymphatic remodeling promotes immunopathology during non-healing cutaneous leishmaniasis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Meningeal lymphatic drainage: novel insights into central nervous system disease.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- Infection with Toxoplasma gondii triggers coagulation at the blood-brain barrier and a reduction in cerebral blood flow.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Exploration of the Molecular Mechanism by Which Caveolin-1 Regulates Changes in Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability Leading to Eosinophilic Meningoencephalitis.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cerebral edema frequently develops in the setting of brain infection and can contribute to elevated intracranial pressure, a medical emergency. How excess fluid is cleared from the brain is not well understood. Previous studies have shown that interstitial fluid is transported out of the brain along perivascular channels that collect into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-filled subarachnoid space. CSF is then removed from the central nervous system through venous and lymphatic routes. The current study tested the hypothesis that increasing lymphatic drainage of CSF would promote clearance of cerebral edema fluid during infection with the neurotropic parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Fluorescent microscopy and magnetic resonance imaging was used to show that C57BL/6 mice develop vasogenic edema 4 to 5 weeks after infection with T. gondii. Tracer experiments were used to evaluate how brain infection affects meningeal lymphatic function, which demonstrated a decreased rate in CSF outflow in T. gondii-infected mice. Next, mice were treated with a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C-expressing viral vector, which induced meningeal lymphangiogenesis and improved CSF outflow in chronically infected mice. No difference in cerebral edema was observed between mice that received VEGF-C and those that rececived sham treatment. Therefore, although VEGF-C treatment can improve lymphatic outflow in mice infected with T. gondii, this effect does not lead to increased clearance of edema fluid from the brains of these mice.
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