SynthesisCancer medicine2023
Addition of immune checkpoint inhibitors to chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone in patients with triple-negative breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Cancer medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with triple-negative breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC cancer · 2025Pooled it
- Addition of immune checkpoint inhibitors to chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone in patients with triple-negative breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Cancer medicine · 2023Pooled it
- The ARTEMIS trial identifies immune activation as a key predictor of neoadjuvant chemotherapy response in triple-negative breast cancer.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2026Trial
- Clinical Outcomes and Treatment-Related Complications in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Review of 24 Case Reports from 2020 to 2025.Therapeutics and clinical risk management · 2026Review
- Risk of severe infections in patients with triple-negative breast cancer treated with atezolizumab plus nab-paclitaxel: a real-world, postmarketing database study in Japan.International journal of clinical oncology · 2025Article
- The role of NETosis in breast cancer: mechanistic insights and biomarker potential.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a relatively common malignant tumor with high mortality rates. There are limited treatment options and current therapy regimens often fall short of providing positive outcomes. The development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have provided a vital treatment option although efficacy has varied. Here, we review patient response to current TNBC treatment with and without the addition of ICIs.
methodsA systematic search of PubMed, Cochrane, and EMBASE library databases was done to search eligible studies published from their inception through April 3, 2022. The primary outcome indicators used were progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), pathological complete response rate (pCR) and objective remission rate (ORR), while adverse events (AEs) were also analyzed. Publication bias and sensitivity analyses and were performed to evaluate the quality of assessment.
resultsOverall, the meta-analysis looked at seven randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that included 4631 patients with TNBC. Results showed an improvement in PFS for patients receiving ICI in addition to chemotherapy (CT) in both the intent-to-treat (ITT) population and PD-L1 positive patients. Increased pCR rates were observed in all patients irrespective of PD-L1 status as well as increased ORR in the ITT which was more notable in PD-L1 positive subjects. While significant improvement in OS was observed only in PD-L1 positive individuals, the use of ICIs plus CT resulted in severe adverse reactions, specifically immune-related.
conclusionsThis study supports the increased efficacy of ICIs in combination with CT compared to CT alone in patients with TNBC, with the most notable benefit observed in PD-L1 positive patients. However, combination therapy increases the risk of adverse reactions which warrants further investigation.
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