ArticleJournal of translational medicine2023
Multiplex immunohistochemistry defines two cholesterol metabolism patterns predicting immunotherapeutic outcomes in gastric cancer.
Article in Journal of translational medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- NCEH1 promotes breast cancer progression by regulating NRP1 and activating the TNF-α/NF-κB signalling pathway.Cell adhesion & migration · 2026Article
- Predictors of immunotherapy response in gastric cancer: the role of the tumor microenvironment and integrative predictive models.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- The Role of Lipid Metabolism in the Progression of Breast Cancer.Journal of Cancer · 2026Review
- Recent advances in understanding the relationship between lipid metabolism and immune escape in the tumor microenvironment of gastric cancer.Medical review (2021) · 2025Review
- Survival Modelling Using Machine Learning and Immune-Nutritional Profiles in Advanced Gastric Cancer on Home Parenteral Nutrition.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Article
- Lipid Metabolism in Gastrointestinal Malignancies: Exploring Dysregulation, Biomarkers, and Treatment Strategies.Cancer medicine · 2025Review
- Cholesterol-dependent enzyme activity of human TSPO1.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Clinical predictive factors of the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors and kinase inhibitors in advanced hepatocellular cancer.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2025Article
- Article
- A pan-cancer analysis targeting the oncogenic role of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 in human tumors.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Cholesterol effects on the tumor immune microenvironment: from fundamental concepts to mechanisms and implications.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Clinical significance and immune landscape analyses of the coagulation-related gene signatures in gastric cancer.Journal of Cancer · 2025Article
- Prediction of prognosis, immunogenicity and efficacy of immunotherapy based on cholesterol metabolism in gastric cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe role of cholesterol metabolism in gastric cancer (GC) and its implications for tumor characteristics and immunotherapy response remain poorly understood. In this study, our aim was to investigate this role, identify associated metabolic subtypes, and assess their clinical implications in GC.
methodsWe conducted a comprehensive analysis of cholesterol metabolism genes (CMGs) using transcriptomic data from TCGA and GEO. Based on 23 representative CMGs, we classified GC into metabolic subtypes. We evaluated clinical features and immune cell infiltration between these subtypes. Additionally, we identified a CMG signature and assessed its clinical relevance in GC. We retrospectively enrolled thirty-five GC patients receiving chemotherapy plus a PD-1 inhibitor to assess the CMG signature using multiplex immunohistochemistry.
resultsOur analysis revealed two cholesterol metabolism subtypes in GC: Cholesterol Metabolism Type 1 (CMT1) and Cholesterol Metabolism Type 2 (CMT2). These subtypes exhibited distinct patterns: CMT1 indicated heightened cholesterol biosynthesis, while CMT2 showed abnormal cholesterol transport. CMT2 was associated with unfavorable clinical features, enriched malignant pathways, and a pro-tumor immune microenvironment. Furthermore, we developed a five-CMG prognostic signature (ABCA1, NR1H3, TSPO, NCEH1, and HMGCR) that effectively predicted the prognosis of patients with GC and their response to chemotherapy plus a PD-1 inhibitor. This signature was validated in a clinical cohort using multiplex immunohistochemistry.
conclusionOur results highlight the effectiveness of cholesterol metabolism patterns as biomarkers for predicting the prognosis and immunotherapy response in GC. The expression of cholesterol metabolism genes and the assessment of cholesterol metabolism patterns have the potential to predict the outcome of immunotherapy and guide treatment strategies.
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