ReviewBMC cancer2023
Promising preclinical patient-derived organoid (PDO) and xenograft (PDX) models in upper gastrointestinal cancers: progress and challenges.
Review in BMC cancer, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- The role of deubiquitinating enzymes and their inhibitors in esophageal carcinoma (Review).International journal of oncology · 2026Review
- Review
- CCL3 promotes oxaliplatin resistance in gastric cancer via CCR5-mediated tumor cell survival and macrophage M2 polarization.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2026Article
- Organoid models: Regulations and prospects for the development of investigational new drugs.Chinese medical journal · 2026Review
- Stem Cell-Derived Organoids for Cancer Therapy: Precision Medicine and Drug Selection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Single-cell transcriptomic mapping of patient-derived primary liver cancer organoids reveals molecular subtypes and guides precision drug targeting.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Construction and application of a genetically engineered mouse model of gastric adenocarcinoma.Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA · 2026Article
- The advancements in organoids: Potential and challenges in researching the esophagus and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Genes & diseases · 2026Review
- Recapitulating lung cancer metastasisOncology reports · 2026Review
- The application of experimental models for the drug discovery for digestive tumors.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Review
- Hippo-YAP/TAZ signaling in gastric cancer: molecular pathogenesis and emerging therapeutic horizons.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2026Review
- Harnessing induced pluripotent stem cells and organoids for disease modeling and precision medicine.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Review
- Molecular subtype-specific breast cancer organoids: development of an FGF-free estradiol valerate culture system for precision drug screening.Cancer cell international · 2026Article
- Advances and Challenges in Drug Screening for Cancer Therapy: A Comprehensive Review.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Research progress in the construction and application of immunotherapy resistance models.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Review
- Clinicopathological insights and management of liver metastases: Current advances and future perspectives.World journal of hepatology · 2025Review
- Decoy Extracellular Vesicles Overcome Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Heterogeneity via Membrane-Cytoplasm-Mitochondria Cascade Targeting.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- The role of acetylcholine and its receptors in tumor immune regulation: mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers (gastric cancer, oesophageal cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer, etc.) are the most common cancers with the highest morbidity and mortality in the world. The therapy for most GI cancers is difficult and is associated with a poor prognosis. In China, upper GI cancers, mainly gastric cancer (GC) and oesophageal cancer (EC), are very common due to Chinese people's characteristics, and more than half of patients are diagnosed with distant metastatic or locally advanced disease. Compared to other solid cancers, such as lung cancer and breast cancer, personalized therapies, especially targeted therapy and immunotherapy, in GC and EC are relatively lacking, leading to poor prognosis. For a long time, most studies were carried out by using in vitro cancer cell lines or in vivo cell line-derived xenograft models, which are unable to reproduce the characteristics of tumours derived from patients, leading to the possible misguidance of subsequent clinical validation. The patient-derived models represented by patient-derived organoid (PDO) and xenograft (PDX) models, known for their high preservation of patient tumour features, have emerged as a very popular platform that has been widely used in numerous studies, especially in the research and development of antitumour drugs and personalized medicine. Herein, based on some of the available published literature, we review the research and application status of PDO and PDX models in GC and EC, as well as detail their future challenges and prospects, to promote their use in basic and translational studies or personalized therapy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.