ArticleBMC nursing2023
Using of non-pharmacological pain methods, and the perceived barriers, among nurses in critical care unit in Palestine.
Article in BMC nursing, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Personalized Multimodal and Opioid-Sparing Analgesia for Postoperative Pain Management: Enhancing Recovery and Addressing the Post-Discharge Gap.Journal of pain research · 2026Review
- Pediatric Pain Management: An Observational Study on Nurses' Knowledge of Non-Pharmacological Techniques.Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy) · 2025Article
- Factors Influencing the Implementation of Non-Pharmacological Interventions for Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia in Residential Aged-Care Homes: A Systematic Review and Qualitative Evidence Synthesis: A systematic review.Campbell systematic reviews · 2025Review
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Abstract
backgroundPain is alleviated in one of the two common approaches, pharmacological or non-pharmacological intervention. Using non-pharmacological methods may have beneficial effect and priority on decreasing patients' level of pain and decreasing the side effects of pharmacological methods in ICU patients. This study aimed to assess ICU Palestinian nurses use and barriers of non-pharmacological pain management.
methodsA quantitative descriptive cross-sectional design was used to collect responses from a convenient sample of 215 nurses working in six hospitals in Plaestine. The timeframe for data collection was from August 2022 to December 2022. This study had three instrument packages. The first part is demographic data. The second is a tool that used 4-point Likert scale to examine ICU nursing use of non-pharmacological pain methods and it consisted of 16 items. The third is six items of perceived barriers to use non-pharmacological pain methods. All statistical procedures were analyzed using Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) version 28.
resultsMore than two-thirds of the nurses used non-pharmacological pain methods in ICU. 60% of the nurses have high levels of use, 10.2% have very high levels. The two highest perceived barriers to use nonpharmacological method were the lack of time, workload, and patient instability with 83.7% (n = 180), and 77.2% (n = 166), respectively. Demographic variables were not significantly associated with the use of non-pharmacological pain management methods, except age.
conclusionAdopting culturally sensitive non-pharmacological pain methods to decrease ICU patients' level of pain, may positively reflected on patients' outcome and on healthcare system. Developing, implementing and continuous monitoring of guidelines regarding using nonpharmacological for nurses and physicians are recommended which will be reflected positively on patients' outcomes. Great efforts to overcome the barriers of lack of time and workload is impertive to increase the clinical usage of nonpharmacological pain methods.
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