ArticlePLoS pathogens2023
G-quadruplex in the TMV Genome Regulates Viral Proliferation and Acts as Antiviral Target of Photodynamic Therapy.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tobamoviruses: Advances in Molecular Biology, Host Interactions and Integrated Disease Management.Biology · 2026Review
- Modulating G-quadruplexes for therapeutic intervention: Structural diversity, stability, and emerging nucleic-acid-based strategies.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Review
- A rapid and on-site visual sensor for tobacco mosaic virus detection based on photocatalytic molecularly imprinted ZnO nanorods.Mikrochimica acta · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Plant viruses seriously disrupt crop growth and development, and classic protein-targeted antiviral drugs could not provide complete protection against them. It is urgent to develop antiviral compounds with novel targets. Photodynamic therapy shows potential in controlling agricultural pests, but nonselective damage from reactive oxygen species (ROS) unexpectedly affects healthy tissues. A G-quadruplex (G4)-forming sequence in the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) genome was identified to interfere the RNA replication in vitro, and affect the proliferation of TMV in tobacco. N-methyl mesoporphyrin IX stabilizing the G4 structure exhibited inhibition against viral proliferation, which was comparable to the inhibition effect of ribavirin. This indicated that G4 could work as an antiviral target. The large conjugate planes shared by G4 ligands and photosensitizers (PSs) remind us that the PSs could work as antiviral agents by targeting G4 in the genome of TMV. Chlorin e6 (Ce6) was identified to stabilize the G4 structure in the dark and selectively cleave the G4 sequence by producing ROS upon LED-light irradiation, leading to 92.2% inhibition against TMV in vivo, which is higher than that of commercial ningnanmycin. The inhibition of Ce6 was lost against the mutant variants lacking the G4-forming sequence. These findings indicated that the G-quadruplex in the TMV genome worked as an important structural element regulating viral proliferation, and could act as the antiviral target of photodynamic therapy.
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