ArticleIEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering2024
Impact of Injection-Based Delivery Parameters on Local Distribution Volume of Ethyl-Cellulose Ethanol Gel in Tissue and Tissue Mimicking Phantoms.
Article in IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mechanistic model of phase-transitioning therapeutics injected into poroelastic tissue for improved targeting of superficial tumors.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Antitumoral immunity induced by gel ethanol ablation to treat unresectable colorectal cancer metastases in the liver.PloS one · 2026Article
- Optimization of injections with speculum-compatible devices to deliver ethyl cellulose-ethanol into the cervix to treat cervical dysplasia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Optimization of injections with speculum-compatible devices to deliver ethyl cellulose-ethanol into the cervix to treat cervical dysplasia.Research square · 2025Article
- Usability of Speculum-Compatible Injection Devices for Administering Ethyl Cellulose-Ethanol Ablation to Treat Cervical Neoplasia in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2025Article
- Evaluating the echogenicity of ethyl cellulose-ethanol gel for tracking biodistribution during liver ablation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Light-activatable minimally invasive ethyl cellulose ethanol ablation: Biodistribution and potential applications.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveLocal drug delivery aims to minimize systemic toxicity by preventing off-target effects; however, injection parameters influencing depot formation of injectable gels have yet to be thoroughly studied. We explored the effects of needle characteristics, injection depth, rate, volume, and polymer concentration on gel ethanol distribution in both tissue and phantoms.
methodsThe polymer ethyl cellulose (EC) was added to ethanol to form an injectable gel to ablate cervical precancer and cancer. Tissue mimicking phantoms composed of 1% agarose dissolved in deionized water were used to establish overall trends between various injection parameters and the resulting gel distribution. Additional experiments were performed in excised swine cervices with a CT-imageable injectate formulation, which enabled visualization of the distribution without tissue sectioning.
resultsNeedle type and injection rate had minimal impact on gel distribution, while needle depths ≥13 mm yielded significantly larger distributions. Needle gauge and EC concentration impacted injection pressure with maximum gel distribution achieved when the pressure was 70-250 kPa. Injection volumes ≤3 mL of 6% EC-ethanol minimized fluid leakage away from the injection site. Results guided the development of a speculum-compatible hand-held injector to deliver gel ethanol into the cervix.
conclusionNeedle depth, gauge, and polymer concentration are critical to consider when delivering injectable gels. SIGNIFICANCE: This study addressed key questions related to the impact of injection-based parameters on gel distribution at a scale relevant to human applications including: 1) how best to deliver EC-ethanol into the cervix and 2) general insights about injection protocols relevant to the delivery of injectable gels in tissue.
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