ArticleMolecular biology and evolution2023
An Ancestral Major Histocompatibility Complex Organization in Cartilaginous Fish: Reconstructing MHC Origin and Evolution.
Article in Molecular biology and evolution, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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12 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Discontinuous genomic coding and paradigm shifts in molecular biology and immunology: revolutions via "normal science".Natural sciences (Weinheim, Germany) · 2026Article
- Insights into cephalochordate genome and gene evolution from the early-diverging amphioxusProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Holostean genomes reveal evolutionary novelty in the vertebrate immunoproteasome that have implications for MHCI function.Molecular biology and evolution · 2026Article
- MHC in newts illuminates the evolutionary dynamics of complex regions in giant genomes.Genome research · 2026Article
- Immunity: defense against infections essential for all living organisms.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Compact genomic architecture of the axolotl MHC region: setting the record straight.Immunogenetics · 2025Article
- Review
- Genomic and Transcriptomic Profiling of a Highly VirulentMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Origin of immunoglobulins and T cell receptors: A candidate gene for invasion by the RAG transposon.Science advances · 2025Article
- Parallel Selection in Domesticated Atlantic Salmon from Divergent Founders Including on Whole-Genome Duplication-derived Homeologous Regions.Genome biology and evolution · 2025Article
- Allele co-segregation and haplotype diversity of MHC IIβ genes in the small-spotted catshark Scyliorhinus canicula.Immunogenetics · 2025Article
- Understanding vertebrate immunity through comparative immunology.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Cartilaginous fish (sharks, rays, and chimeras) comprise the oldest living jawed vertebrates with a mammalian-like adaptive immune system based on immunoglobulins (Ig), T-cell receptors (TCRs), and the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Here, we show that the cartilaginous fish "adaptive MHC" is highly regimented and compact, containing (i) a classical MHC class Ia (MHC-Ia) region containing antigen processing (antigen peptide transporters and immunoproteasome) and presenting (MHC-Ia) genes, (ii) an MHC class II (MHC-II) region (with alpha and beta genes) with linkage to beta-2-microglobulin (β2m) and bromodomain-containing 2, (iii) nonclassical MHC class Ib (MHC-Ib) regions with 450 million-year-old lineages, and (iv) a complement C4 associated with the MHC-Ia region. No MHC-Ib genes were found outside of the elasmobranch MHC. Our data suggest that both MHC-I and MHC-II genes arose after the second round of whole-genome duplication (2R) on a human chromosome (huchr) 6 precursor. Further analysis of MHC paralogous regions across early branching taxa from all jawed vertebrate lineages revealed that Ig/TCR genes likely arose on a precursor of the huchr9/12/14 MHC paralog. The β2m gene is linked to the Ig/TCR genes in some vertebrates suggesting that it was present at 1R, perhaps as the donor of C1 domain to the primordial MHC gene. In sum, extant cartilaginous fish exhibit a conserved and prototypical MHC genomic organization with features found in various vertebrates, reflecting the ancestral arrangement for the jawed vertebrates.
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