ArticleCancer medicine2023
Components of the tumor immune microenvironment based on m-IHC correlate with prognosis and subtype of triple-negative breast cancer.
Article in Cancer medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advances in Mechanism of Action and Efficacy of CBP/p300 Inhibitors in Different Subtypes of Breast Cancer.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Effects of anlotinib combined with camrelizumab and chemotherapy as first-line treatment for advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma on tumor immune microenvironment.Journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2025Article
- Expression of T cell-related proteins in breast ductal carcinomaHistology and histopathology · 2025Article
- Nomogram integrating clinical-radiological and radiomics features for differentiating invasive from non-invasive pulmonary adenocarcinomas presenting as ground-glass nodules.American journal of cancer research · 2025Article
- Diagnostic and prognostic value of CD44v9 and TIM3 expression in CKOncology letters · 2024Article
- Components of the tumor immune microenvironment based on m-IHC correlate with prognosis and subtype of triple-negative breast cancer.Cancer medicine · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimThe spatial distribution and interactions of cells in the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) might be related to the different responses of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) to immunomodulators. The potential of multiplex IHC (m-IHC) in evaluating the TIME has been reported, but the efficacy is insufficient. We aimed to research whether m-IHC results could be used to reflect the TIME, and thus to predict prognosis and complement the TNBC subtyping system.
methodsThe clinical, imaging, and prognosis data for 86 TNBC patients were retrospectively reviewed. CD3, CD4, CD8, Foxp3, PD-L1, and Pan-CK markers were stained by m-IHC. Particular cell spatial distributions and interactions in the TIME were evaluated with the HALO multispectral analysis platform. Then, we calculated the prognostic value of components of the TIME and their correlations with TNBC transcriptomic subtypes and MRI radiomic features reflecting TNBC subtypes.
resultsThe components of the TIME score were established by m-IHC and demonstrated positive prognostic value for TNBC (p = 0.0047, 0.039, <0.0001 for DMFS, RFS, and OS). The score was calculated from several indicators, including Treg% in the tumor core (TC) or stromal area (SA), PD-L1
conclusionWe demonstrated that the m-IHC-based quantitative score and indicators related to the spatial distribution and interactions of cells in the TIME can aid in the accurate diagnosis of TNBC in terms of prognosis and classification.
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