ArticleThe journal of medicine access
Out-of-pocket expenditures and catastrophic expenditures on inpatient care among households of an urban village in Delhi.
Article in The journal of medicine access. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Household out-of-pocket health expenditure, catastrophic health expenditure, and its determinants: A cross-sectional study in a rural block of North 24 Parganas, West Bengal.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2026Article
- Beyond coverage: why Ayushman Bharat-Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana struggles to deliver healthcare in Jammu and Kashmir.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Out-of-Pocket Expenditure (OOPE) Among COVID-19 Patients by Insurance Status in a Quaternary Hospital in Karnataka, India.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) for inpatient care has been known to cause maximum impoverishment. It can have debilitating consequences for urban poor households. It is necessary to study inpatient care costs and the related factors among the households of an urban village to determine their vulnerability to catastrophic expenditure and to protect them from it. Objective: The study aimed to calculate the mean OOPE on inpatient care, and catastrophic health expenditure among households of an urban village in Delhi. Design: This was a cross-sectional study conducted over 18 months among urban village households of Delhi who have been residing for the last 1 year. Methods: A sample size of 188 was calculated based on another study, and households were selected using systematic random sampling. A pre-designed, pre-tested, semi-structured, and interviewer-administered questionnaire in Hindi was used to elicit and record relevant information. Data were recorded and coded, and analysis was done using licensed SPSS v.26 software. Tables were generated for relevant data, and cross-tables were used to assess statistical association with chi-square or Fisher exact tests, as required. A Results: The mean annual OOPE borne by a household on inpatient care was INR 6870.3 (SD ± 30,580.6), where 93.3% of OOPE was incurred while seeking treatment from public facilities. The OOPE on inpatient care had a statistically significant association with households having joint family, members from vulnerable population, and belonging to Delhi. Conclusion: The households of an urban village of Aliganj, Delhi, have high OOPE on inpatient care (60.6%) and catastrophic health expenditure (75.6%).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.