ReviewParasitology research2023
100 years since the publication of the suramin formula.
Review in Parasitology research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Suramin Interactions Across Biological Systems: From Molecular Targets to Therapeutic Implications.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Exploratory transcriptomics andBiomedical reports · 2026Article
- Effects of N3SA Analogues on Cerebral and Peripheral Arteriolar Vasomotion in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- A Study of Antioxidant, Antihyperlipidemic, and Anti-Glycation Effects of Alkylsulfonic Acids with Quinobenzothiazinyl Substituents: In Vitro and In Silico Investigations.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- LOPAC library screening identifies suramin as a TRIM21 binder with a unique binding mode revealed by crystal structure.Acta crystallographica. Section F, Structural biology communications · 2025Article
- The emerging roles of ubiquitin-like modifications in regulating HIV replication and host defense.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Drug resistance in animal trypanosomiases: Epidemiology, mechanisms and control strategies.International journal for parasitology. Drugs and drug resistance · 2024Review
- First comprehensive untargeted metabolomics study of suramin-treated Trypanosoma brucei: an integrated data analysis workflow from multifactor data modelling to functional analysis.Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Suramin was the first drug developed using the approach of medicinal chemistry by the German Bayer company in the 1910s for the treatment of human African sleeping sickness caused by the two subspecies Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesienese. However, the drug was politically instrumentalized by the German government in the 1920s in an attempt to regain possession of its former African colonies lost after the First World War. For this reason, the formula of suramin was kept secret for more than 10 years. Eventually, the French pharmacist Ernest Fourneau uncovered the chemical structure of suramin by reverse engineering and published the formula of the drug in 1924. During the Nazi period, suramin became the subject of colonial revisionism, and the development of the drug was portrayed in books and films to promote national socialist propaganda. Ever since its discovery, suramin has also been tested for bioactivity against numerous other infections and diseases. However, sleeping sickness caused by Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense is the only human disease for which treatment with suramin is currently approved.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.