ReviewNature reviews. Immunology2024
Immunotherapy combination approaches: mechanisms, biomarkers and clinical observations.
Review in Nature reviews. Immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 207 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
207 citing papers in PubMed, 246 citations in OpenAlex.
- Circulating immune cell profiling in advanced cervical and endometrial cancer patients treated with PD-1 blockade, radiotherapy, and immune modulation in the PRIMMO trial.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Trial
- Carcinoembryonic Antigen Flare Under Oxaliplatin-Based Chemotherapy Predicts Benefit from Nivolumab in Metastatic Microsatellite-Stable Colorectal Cancer - A Post Hoc Analysis of METIMMOX Trial Data.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2026Trial
- PD-1/ PD-L1 bispecific antibody IBI318 combined with lenvatinib in advanced non-small cell lung cancer with acquired resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors: a phase II trial.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- Randomized trial of anetumab ravtansine and pembrolizumab compared to pembrolizumab for mesothelioma.Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2024Trial
- Nanomedicine-based cancer immunotherapy: translational barriers, mechanistic strategies, and future perspectives.Drug delivery · 2026Review
- Ablation-immunotherapy synergy in cancer: mechanisms of the abscopal effect, emerging clinical applications, and translational roadmaps for next-generation onco-immunology.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2026Review
- Colorectal Cancer: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Signaling Pathways, Clinical Features, Screening, Diagnosis, and Management.MedComm · 2026Review
- B Cells and Tumor Immunometabolism: Emerging Insights into Immune Regulation and Therapeutic Resistance.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- TIGITCancers · 2026Article
- Review
- Mucosal immunity: mechanism and application in cancer immunotherapy.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- The DNA damage response and cancer immunotherapy.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2026Review
- Integrated pan-cancer analysis reveals a cancer-associated fibroblast oxidative stress response signature predicting immunotherapy response and prognosis.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2026Article
- Overcoming Drug Resistance by Paclitaxel Resistance in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- A tumor-on-a-chip model reveals and targets reciprocal macrophage-NK cell crosstalk to advance immunotherapy screening.Microsystems & nanoengineering · 2026Article
- Safety and Efficacy of Adebrelimab plus Apatinib Combined with Hepatic Artery Infusion Chemotherapy for the Treatment of Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Retrospective Study.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2026Article
- Improving Anti-CTLA-4 Therapies through Peptide Masking and Fragment Crystallizable Non-fucosylation: Preclinical Characterization of Three Novel Antibodies.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Article
- Cell Selective STING-Activating Polysaccharide Immunomodulators for Cancer Therapy.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Review
- Review
147 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The approval of the first immune checkpoint inhibitors provided a paradigm shift for the treatment of malignancies across a broad range of indications. Whereas initially, single-agent immune checkpoint inhibition was used, increasing numbers of patients are now treated with combination immune checkpoint blockade, where non-redundant mechanisms of action of the individual agents generally lead to higher response rates. Furthermore, immune checkpoint therapy has been combined with various other therapeutic modalities, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy and other immunotherapeutics such as vaccines, adoptive cellular therapies, cytokines and others, in an effort to maximize clinical efficacy. Currently, a large number of clinical trials test combination therapies with an immune checkpoint inhibitor as a backbone. However, proceeding without inclusion of broad, if initially exploratory, biomarker investigations may ultimately slow progress, as so far, few combinations have yielded clinical successes based on clinical data alone. Here, we present the rationale for combination therapies and discuss clinical data from clinical trials across the immuno-oncology spectrum. Moreover, we discuss the evolution of biomarker approaches and highlight the potential new directions that comprehensive biomarker studies can yield.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.