ArticleRevista paulista de pediatria : orgao oficial da Sociedade de Pediatria de Sao Paulo2023
Nutritional composition of human milk and its association with maternal and perinatal factors.
Article in Revista paulista de pediatria : orgao oficial da Sociedade de Pediatria de Sao Paulo, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effect of antenatal breast milk expression or postnatal dietary intervention on breastfeeding outcomes and human milk composition in women with excess weight: protocol for the Ready, Set, Nourish study, a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Association of maternal diet with human milk fatty acid and macronutrient composition: a Saudi cohort study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Factors That May Affect Breast Milk Macronutrient and Energy Content: A Critical Review.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Donor human milk pasteurization methods and the effect on milk components as they relate to Necrotizing enterocolitis.Seminars in fetal & neonatal medicine · 2025Review
- Immediate effect of food intake by the nursing mother on the macronutrient content of colostrum.Jornal de pediatriaArticle
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
objectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of maternal and perinatal factors on the nutritional composition of human milk.
methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2018 and January 2020, with 181 donors selected in Tertiary Health Units of the Unified Health System - from one collection station and five Human Milk Banks. Data were collected through a standardized questionnaire. To be fit to be a donor in a Human Milk Banks and produce mature milk were the eligibility criteria to participate in the study. We excluded milk samples with Dornic acidity above 8° D. The dependent variables were the macronutrients of human milk (i.e., carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and total energy), that were analyzed using spectroscopy with the Miris Human Milk Analyzer™. The maternal and perinatal factors were the independent variables.
resultsWomen with pre-gestational obesity and gestational weight gain above the recommendation showed a lower protein concentration compared to eutrophic women (median=0.8, interquartile range (IQR): 0.7-0.9 vs. median=0.8, and IQR: 0.8-1.0) and those with adequate gestational weight gain (median=0.8, IQR: 0.7-0.9 vs. median=0.9, and IQR: 0.8-1.0), respectively. The other analyzed factors (i.e., maternal habits, comorbidities, and perinatal factors) were not associated with the nutritional composition of human milk.
conclusionsThe assessment of factors associated with the nutritional composition of human milk is extremely important to assist postpartum care. Pre-gestational obesity and inadequate gestational weight gain were the only factors statistically associated with the nutritional composition of human milk as they impacted its protein content.
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